Studies On Multivariate Composite Flux On Low-Temperature Sintering Properties Of The Porcelain Building Tiles

In this paper,on the basis of preliminary work,the reaction densification process and influence law of the samples were studied by the introduction of binary flux and multivariate composite flux materials using mixed soil,Guangdong ball clay,white potassium feldspar,sodium feldspar,Zhuji porcelain sand,Jianning feldspar,lithium chinastone and borocalcite as the main raw material.The properties such as the water absorption,the bulk density,the firing shrinkage and the bending strength of the samples were studied.The low-temperature sintering properties of the multivariate composite flux samples were characterized by TG-DTA,XRD,SEM,EDS and frit simulation testing method.We would detailed comparatively analyze the two and multivariate flux system on the effects and reaction densification behaviors of the porcelain building ceramic,and grasp the ladder-like appearance of the high viscosity liquid at different sintering temperature for the two flux and multivariate composite flux system and its influence factors.The experimental results show that:(1)In terms of "K2O-Na2O" binary flux sample,"K2O-Na2O-Li2O" and"K2O-Na2O-Li2O-B2O3-CaO" the multivariate composite flux not only reduce the sintering temperature,but also effectively improve the sintering performance such as broadening the sintering temperature range,and the flexural strength of material sample.At the same time,it can be deduced from the experimental results that it will further reduce the sintering temperature of ceramic building ceramic materials if more multivariate composite flux(i.g.six or seven)will be reasonably choosed.(2)In this paper,we would detailed comparatively analyze the two and multivariate flux system on the effects and reaction densification behaviors of the porcelain building ceramic.The experimental results showed that:when K2O and Na2O were equivalently replaced by Li2O,the sintering temperature of "K2O-Na2O-Li2O" ternary composite flux samples was reduced to 1090??1130?,lower than 1130??1160? of "K2O-Na2O" binary flux material sample.The corresponding sintering temperature range of the ternary composite flux sample material is widened from 30? to 40?,and the bending strength of the sample material is increased by 3.5%.By the analysis of EDS and frit simulation results of the material sample,ternary flux sample material is more Al and Si content in glass composite than the binary flux sample material,however,the alkaline oxide content is higher than those of ternary compound flux material sample,which shows binary flux material sample mainly depends on K2O and Na2O flux melting for sintering,they will suddenly appear in an amount of the low viscosity liquid phase due to low Al and Si content and the high alkaline oxide scale.When the introduction of Li2O equaviently replace K2O and Na2O for the ternary composite flux,they would react and form eutectic,and ladder-likely produced high viscosity liquid,due to high Al and Si melted content.Combined with XRD patterns and SEM images can be seen that the ternary composite flux material samples are composed of more crystallites phase and density than binary flux material(the smaller porosity and pore size).As a result,properties of the ternary composite flux material samples are superior to those of binary flux material sample.(3)When B2O3 and CaO further equivalently replace Li2O,"K2O-Na2O-Li2O-B2O3-CaO" quintuple composite flux sample materias is further reduced to 1070??1120? than that of "K2O-Na2O-Li2O" ternary composite flux material sample(1090??1130?),and the sintering temperature range is further widen from 40? to 50 ? and the bending strength of samples material is increased by 1.5%.Thus introducing multiple composite flux is proved that they can reduce the sintering temperature,broaden sintering temperature range,and appropriately increase bending strength of the material sample.(4)Introducing too much Li2O,B2O3 and CaO,sintering temperature of"K2O-Na2O-Li2O" and "K2O-Na2O-Li2O-B2O3-CaO" multivariate composite flux sample are not obviously reduced and make sintering temperature range narrow,which is not conducive to the large industrial production.(5)We innovative reversed the content of elements such as Li2O,because it is difficult to detect in the glass phase components by others test method,and eutectic reaction temperature and phase composition of multivariate composite flux material sample by combining phase diagram of binary with the firing shrinkage data and the simulation of the eutectic point frit melt analysis.