Synthesis And Application Of Novel Calix[6]quinone And The Composites Calix[6]quinone/CMK- 3 For Li/Na Batteries

Social comprehensive progress urges the standard for large-scale energy storage's environmental benignity,charge-discharge properties and sustainable development to improve.Conventional lithium-ion batteries based on transition metal oxide confined by their low theoretical specific capacity and structure can not satisfy the need of future energy storage system's requirement.The development and application of new types of Li-organic materials,Li-S,Li-O₂,flow battery and other batteries system will become the main focus of future energy systems.Especially,the conjugated carbonyl compounds with the merits of high theoretical capacity,flexible structure,fine redox property and green sustainability are potential energy storage materials for future.This study has explored the synthesis of oligomeric cyclic calixarene derivative-Calix[6]quinone?C6Q?,and studied its electrochemical performance for lithium/sodium battery cathode material.Additionally,the relation between the prepared ratio of the composites-C6Q/CMK-3 and their electrochemical properties was studied.The synthesis of C6Q.One-step oxidation method?PbO₂ oxidation,ClO₂ oxidation?and multi-step reduction oxidation method were adopted.The results show that the one-step oxidation method is simple,but its insufficient oxidation make the separation and purification process difficult.The multi-step reduction oxidation method is an ideal way to synthesize C6Q through coupling,reduction and oxidation.The electrochemical performance of C6Q and the composites for lithium battery.C6Q delivers an initial capacity of 405 mAh g^-1(C_th=446 mAh g^-1)and decays to 200.6 mAh g^-1after 100 cycles at 0.1 C for lithium battery.All of the composites with fine performance than pure C6Q,especially C6Q/CMK-3?1:2?,which delivered the same capacity as C6Q and with a capacity retention of 66.3%after 100 cycles.For sodium battery,C6Q show a capacity of 425 mAh g^-1 with a capacity of 163.1 mAh g^-1 after 100 cycles at 0.1 C.The optimal composite with a capacity of 456 mAh g^-1 and decay to 255.7 mAh g^-1 after 100 cycles is C6Q/CMK-3?1:2?.To summarize,a novel organic electrode material has been synthesized.It can be use as both lithium and sodium batteries cathode,and all of its 12 active sites can participate in the electrochemical reaction.Moreover,the composites can inhibit the solution of the C6Q and improve the rate performance and conductivity of the active material.