Superhydrophobic Modification And Application Of Polyurethane Materials

Superhydrophobic materials have excellent water repellency and self-cleaning properties,and are widely used in water repellent and anti-fouling,anti-icing,metal anti-corrosion,oil-water separation and other fields.In this work,the surface of the polyurethane rubber was modified by using the template method and the waste green tire burning material to prepare superhydrophobic polyurethane rubber.Using a porous network structure of a polyurethane sponge,waste green tire combustion material was loaded on a polyurethane sponge to prepare an oil-water separation material having superhydrophobic and oleophilic properties.The preparation of superhydrophobic materials also provided a new idea for the disposal of used tires.The main researchs of this work are as follows:?1?Using copper sulfate-etched iron sheet as the metal template,the surface roughness of the template was“replicated”to the surface of the rubber during the polyurethane vulcanization molding process,and the surface of the rubber was modified with low surface energy stearic acid to prepare a super-hydrophobic polyurethane rubber.The influence of the material of the molding plate,the etching solution and the etching conditions,the rubber filler and the vulcanization system,and the water repellent modifier on the water repellency and mechanical properties of the polyurethane rubber were systematically studied.Scanning electron microscopy observations showed that the surface of polyurethane rubber prepared by this method was a rough micro-groove structure,and there were finer nanoscale protrusions and holes in the groove.This micro-nano composite rough structure was an important basis for superhydrophobicity of polyurethane rubber.In the scope of this study,the best preparation conditions for super-hydrophobic polyurethane rubber were:the contact angle of the polyurethane rubber could reach 155°,the rolling angle was 6°,the tensile strength was33.7MPa,and the elongation at break was 552%,hardness was 52 when the iron sheet was etched for more than 20s at 0.05mol/L CuSO₄ and vacuum dried at 80°C for 1h,sulfur was used as the vulcanizing agent,carbon black was the filler?30 phr?,the vulcanization temperature was 160°C.,and the vulcanization time was 8min,the polyurethane rubber was immersed in stearic acid solution of 1%by mass for more than 5 minutes.And the superhydrophobic surface had good weather resistance.?2?Using the hydrophobic nature of the waste tire waste,after grinding the combustible,the powder was compounded with the rubber with a binder to prepare a super-hydrophobic polyurethane rubber.Based on the discussion of the hydrophobic mechanism of the combustion products,the preparation conditions and properties of the super-hydrophobic polyurethane rubber were systematically studied.XPS elemental analysis showed that the powder consisted of SiO₂ and carbon,and the peak position of the C1s spectrum after Gaussian fit peak analysis showed that the carbon element was an amorphous carbon mixed with sp² and sp³ hybrids.It was this amorphous carbon deposited randomly on the surface of SiO₂ that formed a coral-like micro-nano-surface structure that maked the incombustion superhydrophobic.SEM observation confirmed this structure.When the surface of the polyurethane rubber was modified with a burning residue powder of 200 mesh or more and a powder amount of 0.02g/cm²,the surface contact angle could reach 156°and the roll angle was 7°,and a"silver mirror"phenomenon was produced.The prepared superhydrophobic polyurethane rubber had good thermal stability,peel resistance and acid and alkali resistance and anti-icing properties.?3?Polyurethane sponge was used as a carrier,and waste tire burning powder was loaded onto the sponge with an adhesive to prepare a superhydrophobic lipophilic polyurethane sponge.When the ratio of combustible powder to binder was 5:1 and the concentration of dispersion was 0.15g/m L,the contact angle of polyurethane sponge could reach 155°.The prepared sponge exhibited extremely low adhesion to water droplets,exhibited high selective absorption of oil with high absorption efficiency,and could rapidly absorb organic solvents such as toluene and trichloromethane.After 10 cycles,it could still maintain a stable absorption capacity and could absorb more than 60 times its own weight.