Analysis Of Sustainable Development Of Guizhou Province Based On The Emergy Ecological Footprint Method

Since the 1980s,we put forward a series of development strategies that have greatly stimulated the economic development as well as led to a great deal of consumption of resources and materials.However,various environment issues have become increasingly prominent.How to deal with the relationship between people and the environment is an important issue to be solved at present.Guizhou Province is located in the southwest of China with wide distribution of carbonate rocks,intense tension between people and land,lagging behind in economic development.In recent years,the economic development of Guizhou has started to accelerate.However,the economic eecpansion has exacerbated the environmental pressure and the coordination between the ecological environment and economic development needs to be strengthened.Therefore,the selection of Guizhou Province as a research area has important practical significance.Based on the theory of emergy ecological footprint,this paper studies the eco-economic system in Guizhou Province,and calculates the ecological footprint and its carrying capacity in Guizhou Province from 1995 to 2014.Based on the indices of sustainable development,ecological diversity index,coordination index and unit footprint GDP and other indicators of the sustainable development in Guizhou Province,a quantitative evaluation of the status has been put forward.We select the main impact factors and use the principal component analysis to explore the sustainable development level of eco-economic systems in Guizhou Province,which as a result we put forward the effective measures.The main Concluded as follow:(1)ecological footprint and ecological carrying capacityGuizhou Province has an ecological carrying capacity of 10.4×10~6hm~2 in 2014,an average ecological carrying capacity of 0.29 hm~2/cap,an average per capita ecological footprint of 3.91hm~2/cap and an ecological deficit of-3.61 hm~2/cap.The overall ecological carrying capacity fluctuated upward in 20 years,which was related to the annual precipitation caused by climate change.The ecological capacity per capita showed a downward trend of fluctuation.The ecological carrying capacity of the Guizhou Province rose rapidly which was related to social and economic development.The growth trend of ecological footprint in Guizhou Province during 1995-2014 can be roughly divided into three stages:1995-2002,2002-2010 and 2010-2014,which are in line with the national policy direction and reflect the development driven by policy orientation.From the perspective of item of ecological footprint,coal,electricity,pork,water and diesel are the five major consumer accounts,reflecting the characteristics of consumption of resources for economic development in Guizhou Province and the consumption-driven of social livelihood.From the point of view of the structure of ecological footprint,the footprints of industrial resources gradually replace the footprint of biological resources.This shows that the proportion of agriculture in Guizhou Province has been gradually reduced.The process of industrialization and urbanization is accelerating progressively,mineral resources and energy consumption are rapidly increasing.(2)Ecological sustainability assessmentIn the past 20 years,The ecological and economic systems in Guizhou Province have been in a state of ecological deficits.Although they fluctuate year by year,they generally increase in size and can be roughly divided into three stages,which corresponds the economic development in Guizhou Province and the development strategy proposed by our country.GDP production of per unit ecological footprint in Guizhou Province has been on the rise.It has risen by 56,200 yuan/hm~2over the 20-year period,an increase of 498%,with slight fluctuations in the middle years.In2003,2006-2008,and 2011-2014 years,the GDP growth rate has risen sharply,which is in line with the strategy of developing the western area of China,2008 economic stimulus plan and the ecological economy,"ecological Guizhou".The economic development level increased rapidly with the slow growth of unit emergy ecological footprint,which indicates that the utilization rate of resources in Guizhou is increasing,the energy consumption of industry and agriculture is decreasing,the proportion of technical factors is increasing,the adjustment of industrial structure is moderate,and the input-output Increasing efficiency.The level of ecological sustainability in Guizhou Province has been strongly unsustainable at level 4,which indicates that the natural resource carrying capacity within the eco-economic system of Guizhou Province is relatively large.It is an urgent task to reduce the ecological footprint and increasing the ecological carrying capacity.The index of ecological diversity firstly increased and then decreased,which indicated that land use tended to highly utilize fossil fuel and construction land,and the fairness of land use allocation decreased.This is consistent with the fact that economic development often leads to the destruction of natural environment and the acceleration of resource depletion.The coordination coefficient of eco-economic system in Guizhou Province continued to decline,which reflected the poor coordination of eco-economic system in Guizhou Province.The two did not reach a good balance and were in a poor state.(3)Drive factors and corresponding measuresThe factors driving the growth of ecological footprint in Guizhou Province can be attributed to socio-economic factors,industrial structure factors and resource factors.Among them,the social and economic development is the main driving factor,and the industrial structure and natural resources are secondary drivers.The main solutions include:focusing on policy guidance,changing the development concept and developing a low-carbon cycle economy;adjusting industrial layout and optimizing industrial structure;actively protecting resources and strengthening trade imports;and accelerating the implementation of new urbanization strategies.