Preparation And Characterization Of Ni-B Electroless Plating In Ultrasonic Field

With the development of modern science and technology,especially the development of technologies in aerospace,deep-sea exploration,quantum communication,and other industries,higher requirements are placed on the performance of metal materials such as hardness,wear resistance,and corrosion resistance.Therefore,metal materials must also have corresponding progress and development.Metal surface treatment,as one of the research directions in the field of materials,is considered to effectively improve the performance of metal plating,making its hardness,corrosion resistance and other properties able to adapt to a more extreme working environment,thereby prolonging the service life of the device.The common surface treatment methods include electroplating,thermal spraying,plasma spraying,chemical sputtering,etc.Among them,electroless plating can be widely used for plating substrates,and has simple process equipment and excellent plating performance.It is recognized as the most economical and environmentally friendly,and can adapt to a wide range of industries.Surface treatment method of production.In this paper,ultrasound-assisted electroless plating technique is used to prepare ultrasonic Ni–B–Ce（Son-Ni–B–Ce）alloy coating on low carbon steel surface,heat treatment of Son-Ni–B–Ce alloy coating and ultrasonic assisted Ni–B–GO(The composite coating of Son-Ni–B–GO was studied and analyzed for the influence of ultrasonic waves,rare earth element Ce,heat treatment and graphene oxide（GO）on the Ni–B coating.The results show that the surface of the Son-Ni–B–Ce coating is smooth and flat with minimal roughness.The thickness of the coating reaches 11μm,the hardness increases to 956 HV₁₀,and the corrosion current density decreases to3.65μA·cm^-2.Moving to-710 mV,can significantly increase the corrosion resistance of the coating.After the Son-Ni–B–Ce alloy coating was heat-treated at 300,500,and 800℃,the thickness was not affected.The surface showed microcracking（500℃）and void（800℃）,and the coating changed from amorphous to crystalline.Compared with the Ni–B coating,the crystallization temperature of the heat-treated Son-Ni–B–Ce coating increases to 562 and 692℃(heating rate is 5℃ min^-1),and the activation energy increases to 156.85 and 214.11 kJ·mol^-1.In addition,the heat treatment increases the mechanical and corrosion resistance of the coating.The Ni–B–Ce coating heat-treated at 800℃ shows the highest hardness value(1212 HV₁₀)and the lowest corrosion current density(3.01μA·cm^-2)due to the large amount of Ni₃B and Ni₂B phases but with a higher surface roughness（267.48 nm）.The surface of the Son-Ni–B–GO coating is more smooth,even and dense,with a cross-sectional thickness of 11.1μm and an amorphous structure.GO can greatly improve the mechanical properties and corrosion resistance of the coating.The hardness can reach 856 HV₁₀ and 1138 HV₂₀,the roughness can be reduced to 95.23nm,the corrosion current density can be reduced to 6.38μA·cm^-2,and the polarization resistance can reach 4553 ohm·cm².The impedance reaches 8599Ω.