Application Of Portable Personal Glucose Meters And Functionalized Nanometer Materials In Biological Analysis

Biosensor is an emerging subject in life science research in recent years.Nanomaterials with excellent properties,such as strong adsorption ability,good biological compatibility and high catalytic efficiency,are gradually applied to biosensors,which not only increase the sensitivity of the sensor,but also shorten response time,realize real-time detection of target and reduce cost.Due to the good characters of portable blood glucose meter,such as portable size,easy to operate,low cost and reliable results of quantitative,glucose meter is widely used and most successful in the field of personal medical application of portable devices by far.The combination of blood glucose meter and biological sensing technology is applied to the biological analysis,which not only simplify the experimental process,but also has realized the real-time detection.Precious metal nanoparticles has good biocompatibility,strong adsorption ability,excellent electrical conductivity and catalytic properties.Their composites could retain their original properties and introduce new functionalities.With the development of technology,functional nanomaterials and their composite materials as good biomarkers have very great applied value in biosensor technology.(1)To explore a simple,rapid,inexpensive and versatile approach for on-site detection of toxins in water is of great important to evaluate water safety,although it is still a big challenge.Due to high sensitivity and good selectivity,immunosensor is often used to detect tumor markers and toxins.In this study,we reported a personal glucose meter(PGM)based point-of-care(POC)sensing protocol for rapid and sensitive detection of Microcystin algae toxins(MC-LR)in water.MC-LR is a kind of the most common natural toxins.The proposed protocol involved the capture of the target MC-LR by a primary antibody(Ab1)coated ZnFe2O4 nanoparticles,formation of the sandwich immuno-complexes upon the addition of invertase@secondary antibody(Ab2)-conjugated graphene oxide-Au(GO-Au)NPs,enzymatic conversion of sucrose to glucose and then monitoring of glucose by the PGM.Under optimal conditions,the proposed PGM-based POC immunosensor exhibited a wide linear response to MC-LR ranging from 0.60?20.00 ng/mL with a low detection limit of 0.10 ng/mL,which satisfied the World Health Organization(WHO)provisional guideline limit of 1 ng/mL for MC-LR in drinking water.The PGM related immunosensing protocol possessed good reproducibility,selectivity and stability.This methodology may provide a promising development prospect for portable sensor for rapid,on-site and cost-effective detection of other environmental pollutants in drinking water source.(2)Stem cell therapy has recently emerged as a breakthrough technology to treat a variety of diseases.Therefore,there is an urgent need to develop appropriate methods to evaluate or monitor stem cell therapy efficiency.Herein,we report a novel portable and quantitative evaluation method for mesenchymal stem cell(MSC)-based therapy for damaged hepatocytes by ubiquitous personal glucose meters(PGM).It is notable that most current methods for quantitative analysis still require laboratory-based or specialized equipment that is not widely available to the general public.PGMs are one of the devices that are successfully used for in-home medical diagnostics and have worldwide accessibility to the public.Herein,we report on an immunosensor based on PGM for the detection of albumin,the most important indicator for evaluating liver function.Albumin detection can be taken as an appropriate marker to evaluate the efficiency of MSC-based repair of damaged hepatocytes.The proposed sandwich-type immunosensor using PGM exhibits high sensitivity,wide range(1×10-3 to 10?g/mL),low detection limit(0.5 ng/mL)and good reliability.Given the wide availability of antibodies for numerous targets,the proposed method based on PGM can be successfully used for portable and quantitative detection of a wide range of non-glucose targets,especially helpful for evaluating or monitoring stem cell therapy.(3)In this paper,the visible to the naked eye color differentiation method was used to detect melamine.Hydrogen peroxide catalyzed gold ions generated in the process of gold nanoparticles,generated the gold nanoparticles with different size which related to the concentration of hydrogen peroxide.Under the high concentration of H2O2,gold nanoparticles possess small size,good dispersion,not easy to reunite and the color of solution is red.But under low concentrations of H2O2,gold nanoparticles size was large and uneven,easy reunion and the color of solution is blue.Using the reaction of hydrogen peroxide and melamine,the change of hydrogen peroxide concentration in the solution will affect the gold nanoparticles and make the color of the solution change,which could realize the qualitative analysis of melamine in the solution.(4)In this paper,the graphene nanoribbons are obtained by microwave processing for N-WCNTs.We construct electrochemical sensors using the graphene nanoribbons as electrode materials to detect hydrogen peroxide,dopamine(DA),ascorbic acid(AA)and uric acid(UA),and at the same time we study the performance of the material.Under the optimal conditions,the sensor exhibited respectively in the wide range of 1×10-6?6.987 M(H2O2),0.1-440?M(DA),0.1?44?M(AA)and 0.1?242 ?M(UA).This sensor has good stability,high sensitivity and good selectivity.And satisfactory results are obtained.