Distribution And Sources Apportionment Of Organophosphorus Ester Flame Retardants In Water And Sediments From Taihu Lake And Surrounding Rivers

Recently,since the ban on some brominated flame retardants(BFRs),organophosphorus ester flame retardants(OPEs),which proposed as alternatives for BFRs,are more and more popular.However,the wildly use of OPEs bringed them into the environment,and OPEs are normally employed as additives in a simple physical way,through abrasion,infiltration,evaporation and dissolution.Herein they could be easily released into surrounding environment.Now,OPEs have been detected in air,water,sediment and soil.As result,OPEs have already become one of the hot research projects in the environmental science area.According to a number of reports,various OPEs have potential damage to human health and environment,and they are carcinogenic,neurotoxic,and carcinogenic,also supposed to have skin irritation.Taihu Lake basin is surrounded by many OPEs manufacturing factories,and it is the drinking water source for surrounding residents as the second largest freshwater lake in China.So,it is significant to know about the distribution plot of OPEs in Taihu Lake and surrounding rivers and to explore their sources.In this thesis,through the detection of substantial water and sediment samples which were collecting from the rivers flow into or out of the Taihu Lake,the distribution of OPEs were provided.The sources of the contaminant were explored by multivariate statistical analysis.The main works of this paper is as follows:(1)A solid phase extraction(SPE)coupled with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry(SPE-GC-MS)method was applied to detect the concentration of OPEs in water samples;A accelerated solvent extraction(ASE),gel permeation chromatography(GPC),SPE coupled with GC-MS method was applied for the determination for OPEs in sediment samples.The results showed that the concentration of ?9OPEs in surface water was 223.6-2934.2ng/L(into the lake),340.1-1529.2ng/L(out of the lake);in sediment,the concentration was 55.5-4511.O?g/kg(into the lake)and 47.3-106.9?g/kg(out of the lake),respectively.Two chlorinated OPEs which were TCPP and TCEP were the dominant compounds in nine OPEs.(2)In Taihu Lake and surrounding rivers,OPEs' concentrations showed a clear trend from north to South.So,upstream pollution degree was higher.From the overall level of pollution,Wangyu River and rivers in Wujin district were the most polluted places.(3)By PCA-MLR method,the sources of nine OPEs compounds in water were investigated.The results showed that there were five principal components.Among them,PCI(represented several dominant compounds),PC3(represented most nonchlorinated OPEs),PC5(represented TEHP and TPPO)had larger contribution rates,which were 55.7%,15.9%and 28.4%,respectively.(4)By PCA-MLR method,the sources of nine OPEs compounds in sediment samples were conducted,and three principal components were obtained.The contribution rate of PCI(explained the sources of TnBP,TEP and TCEP)to total concentration was 65.6%;the contribution rate of PC2(explained the sources of TCPP and TPrP)was 34.4%;the contribution rate of PC3(explained the sources of TPhP,TPPO,TEHP and TDCP)was low.(5)The comprehensive analysis of water samples in rivers which flows into the Taihu Lake,rain water samples,effluent samples from municipal wastewater treatment plant showed that the concentrations of TPrP,TPhP,TEP was higher in rain water than that in others.And,the overall pollution levels in rain water and effluent samples were higher than that of rivers samples.As result,the rain water and effluent maybe the sources of OPEs in rivers.