Spatial Distribution And Influencing Factors Of Memorial Landscapes Of Wenchuan Earthquake

China has established the world's most ambitious and well-preserved Wenchuan earthquake commemorative landscape system,which provides an important vehicle for the reconstruction of spiritual homes and the promotion of the spirit of great earthquake resistance and disaster relief;the unevenness of its spatial distribution and spatial misplacement have triggered concern about spatial justice in post-disaster reconstruction areas.In this context,it is particularly necessary and urgent to examine the spatial distribution characteristics of the existing seismic commemorative landscape and its influencing factors.Using the Wenchuan earthquake commemorative landscape as the study object,the quantitative analysis tools such as Arc GIS,Geo Da,SPSS,standard deviation ellipsis,mean nearest neighbor,multi-distance spatial clustering,spatial autocorrelation,nuclear density analysis,buffer zone analysis,standard distance,OLS model and GWR model were used to reveal the spatial distribution pattern,directional features,distribution patterns,aggregation features and spatial relationships of the earthquake commemorative landscape,and to explore the factors influencing the spatial distribution of the landscape,with the following main conclusions and understanding.First,the Wenchuan earthquake memorial landscape can be divided into three main categories: macro,meso and micro,earthquake memorial sites,earthquake site parks,earthquake sites,earthquake sites,memorial gardens,memorial plazas,victims' cemeteries,memorial schools,toponymic landscapes,memorial stones,memorial sculptures,memorial walls,a total of 12 subcategories and several landscape yuan.Second,three types of spatial scale earthquake memorial landscapes are distributed in eight cities and states,namely Chengdu,Deyang,Mianyang,Guangyuan,Ya'an,Nanchong,Bazhong and Aba,with "sporadic" distribution of earthquake memorial sites and sites,and the pattern of spreading to the periphery with Wenchuan,Qingchuan and Pengzhou as the core of earthquake sites,"band" distribution of earthquake sites as a whole,"sparse beaded" distribution of memorial parks and victims' cemeteries,"compact beaded" distribution of memorial plazas,"fan" distribution of memorial schools with "single-center,radiating" structure,"double-center,jet" distribution of place names,"band" distribution of memorial stones,"intermittent beaded" and "sporadic" distribution of memorial statues and memorial walls.At the same time,the above 12 types of seismic commemorative landscapes are significantly directional,all showing southeast-northwest spread.Third,the average nearest-neighbor index and K-value calculation results show that the Wenchuan earthquake commemorative landscape shows a significant high degree of spatial structure clustering;the global spatial autocorrelation Moran index value is greater than zero,indicating that the earthquake commemorative landscape is spatially positively correlated and tends to be spatially clustered.Fourth,local spatial autocorrelation analysis shows that five cities and states,including Chengdu,Deyang,and Mianyang,are in the high-high aggregation,six cities and states,including Ya'an,Ganzi,and Bazhong,are in the low-high aggregation,and ten cities and states,including Leshan,Meishan,and Liangshan,are in the low-high aggregation;the LISA aggregation map shows that four cities and states,including Chengdu,Deyang,Mianyang,and Aba,show significant spatial aggregation characteristics,and Nanchong is in the LH-shaped region,indicating a significant spatial negative correlation with neighboring cities and states;the nuclear density analysis shows that the Wenchuan earthquake memorial landscape has significant spatial distribution differences and significant aggregation characteristics,showing a pattern of diffusion to the periphery with Wenchuan Yingxiu(epicenter),Deyang Mianzhu,and Guangyuan Qingchuan as three aggregation points.Fifth,the buffer zone analysis shows that the Wenchuan earthquake commemorative landscape shows a clear focus on the four major earthquake site areas,which gradually decay with increasing distance,and the four major earthquake site areas have a strong oriented influence on the distribution of the earthquake commemorative landscape;standard distance analysis shows the Wenchuan earthquake commemorative landscape concentration: macro-scale landscape > mesoscale landscape > micro-scale landscape.Sixth,two factors of area-weighted average intensity,10,000 deaths and disappearances in the OLS model are positively correlated with the number of seismic commemorative landscapes,and the former is greater than the latter in terms of impact;five factors of area-weighted average intensity,10,000 deaths and disappearances,10,000 collapsed houses,number of planned reconstruction projects,and total planned investment in the GWR model are positively correlated with the number of seismic commemorative landscapes;five factors of tertiary industry output,urbanization rate,road mileage,seismic hazard risk,and 10,000 relocation and resettlement rates are negatively correlated with the number of seismic commemorative landscapes;and the maximum and minimum absolute values of the above 10 factor regression coefficients are basically in counties,cities and districts at the border of the disaster area.In summary,focusing on the spatial configuration of the earthquake commemorative landscape,through the systematic combing of earthquake commemorative landscape types,revealing the spatial distribution laws and their influence factors,has important practical significance for the protection of the Wenchuan earthquake epochal landscape and its commemorative function,and is expected to provide a theoretical basis and reference for optimizing the spatial configuration of the earthquake commemorative landscape,especially the planning and construction of the ideal post-disaster local space.