The Statistical Study Of The Geomagnetic Response Caused By Icmes Containing Prominence Materials Measured From 1998 To 2011

Coronal Mass Ejection?CMEs?are large-scale solar atmospheric explosion observed by the white-light coronagraph.From 30%to 60%of the observed CMEs have three-part structures,and the bright inner core is usually interpreted as the eruptive prominence that cold and dense.The CMEs'counterparts in the interplanetary space are called interplanetary coronal mass ejections?ICMEs?.ICMEs could be classified into magnetic clouds?MCs?and non-MCs according to their magnetic field signatures,and into carbon cold ICMEs?CCs?and non-CCs based on whether they contain lower ionic charge state and ionization temperature than the solar wind.It is known that the ICMEs often lead to geomagnetic disturbance when they propagate into the earth.Since the MCs have an enhanced and smoothly magnetic structure,they could lead stronger southward interplanetary magnetic field?IMF?.Many researchers reported that the MCs are more geoeffective subset compared to the non-MCs.Solar optical observation discovered that the prominence is the injection of the cold material and twisted flux rope from the chromosphere to corona.However,whether or not the PIs have significant geoeffectiveness is unclear.In this work,we classified the geomagnetic disturbance caused by ICMEs based on the time series of geomagnetic indices.Then we perform the statistical study for these single storms?SSs?.We use three statistical methods to quantify the significant differences between the single storms caused by different types of ICMEs.The methods include the random process probability calculation,the Z-test?chi-squared test?based on the equal probability,and the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test?KS-test?.Furthermore,we explore the relationship between the interplanetary southward magnetic field and the helium abundance of ICMEs with the geomagnetic response caused by different types of ICMEs.The results maybe provide the important in-situ observation evidence for the mechanism of magnetic field injection during the formation of prominence,and the significant space weather effect caused by the prominence-inside ICMEs.This study analyzes the geomagnetic disturbance caused by 219 ICMEs detected by ACE spacecraft from 1998 to 2011.First,we divide all ICMEs into helium-enhanced ICMEs?HEs?and non-HEs based on whether their ratio of He²⁺to H⁺larger than 8%.Second,we divide the geomagnetic disturbance into four types based on the Dst index time series variation characteristics.The four types are single storms,multiple storms,storm-like disturbances,and non storms respectively.We classify the single storm levels according to the value of Dst_min.We perform the statistical study for the single storms and non-storms caused by different types of ICMEs quantitatively.The significant results in statistic are as follows:The magnetic clouds?MCs?,the prominence-inside ICMEs?CCs,HEs?,and simultaneously CCs,MCs and HEs?CC&MC&HEs?have larger probability to generate storms and concentrate on stronger storm level than other types.The distribution of Kp index level and AE_max on HEs are higher than non-HEs significantly.The prominence-inside ICMES,especially simultaneously prominence and magnetic cloud ICMEs have stronger southward IMF to lead stronger geomagnetic response.This result is in accordance with the formation mechanism of prominence researches.That is,the jets transport a large amount of chromospheric cold material and twisted flux rope from lower atmosphere to the eruptive prominence in CMEs.The superposition of this small-scale magnetic flux rope and the flux rope in magnetic clouds generates stronger or more permanent southward IMF,thus causing stronger geomagnetic storm.