“Energy-Water-Carbon”Nexus Of Industrial Sectors In Resource-Based Regions

With the rapid development of global industrialization and urbanization,a series of problems such as excessive consumption of energy,severe shortage of water resources and increasing carbon emissions are accompanied.As the key elements of economic and social development,Energy,water resources and carbon emissions,have become major challenges in the field of global governance.Under the domestic background of increasing contradiction between huge resource demand and limited energy,water supply and tighter carbon emission constraints,China has launched major strategies and actions to curb,including “the strictest water resources management system”,“the energy revolution”,and the nationally determined contribution plan on climate change.Resource-based regions are complex systems with special characteristics such as factor endowments and industry types.In the regional division of labor,it has long been in the upstream of the industrial chain,the low-end of the value chain and the weak links in the ecological chain.and regional nature-economy-society system inside and outside the multiple interaction and feedback of profound impact “energy-water-carbon” nexus characteristics,which affect the quality of the transformation process and the development.Facing the requirements of higher level of openness and higher quality of development.how to strengthen the theoretical development,level measurement and collaborative governance path of "energy-water-carbon" nexus in resource-based regions have become a key problem to be solved.In this paper,the "energy-water-carbon" nexus of resource-based regional industrial sectors is studied by combining theoretical mechanism and case study.On the theoretical level,this paper qualitatively explains the mechanism of three factors interaction nexus,regional intra industry factor flow nexus and cross regional bilateral trade factor transfer nexus,constructs the general theoretical analysis framework of "energy-water-carbon" nexus relationship in resource-based regions,and provides a comprehensivetheoretical basis for multi-dimensional analysis of resource-based regional factor nexus.On the empirical level,Shanxi Province is selected as a typical case of resource-based regions,energy consumption,water use and carbon emission factors are introduced into the multi-regional input-output model,and then the EWC-MRIO model including multiple indicators is established,which is used as an analysis tool to evaluate the "energy-water-carbon" factor nexus and economic connection of industrial sectors.By quantifying the nexus characteristics of various industrial sectors in the region from the direct-indirect dimension,tracking the important nodes of nexus pressure of internal factors and the key industrial chain of inter-industry linkage nexus,and decomposing different final needs to explore the driving demand of "energy-water-carbon" pressure in the region.On this basis,it will be further extended to the bilateral trade implicit factor nexus transfer in the perspective of multi-regional opening.From the perspective of transfer in,transfer out and trade balance,it will analyze the cross regional implicit "energy-water-carbon" nexus transfer path and the spatial distribution characteristics of inter provincial factor transfer,so as to provide decision support for strengthening the collaborative governance of resource-based regional industrial chain and regional value chain.The results show that:(1)Compared with the national regions,the nexus level of direct factors in resource-based regions is in the middle and upper reaches,and the economic benefits under the characteristics of "high energy consumption,low water consumption and high carbon emission" are obviously insufficient.Among them,the "energy-water-carbon" nexus pressure of resource-based sectors such as metal smelting,petrochemical industry,electric power and thermal power in the region is the most prominent;agriculture and other service industries are typical high water consumption sectors;on the contrary,emerging sectors such as high-tech industry and financial service industry show strong resource conservation and low carbon.And capital formation is the key driving demand for the "energy-water-carbon" nexus in the industrial sectors of resource-basedregions.(2)In the nexus relationship between industries,construction industry and machinery manufacturing industry are typical factor consumption sectors,which produce great indirect nexus demand of "energy-water-carbon" for upstream resource-based sectors such as metal smelting and electric power and heat sectors;in addition,the nexus supply and flow of agricultural factors for downstream light industry and service industry has also become a key industry causing regional resource and environmental pressure Chain.(3)From the perspective of cross regional nexus transfer,the spatial distribution of bilateral implicit flow of elements mainly depends on the type and geographical location of external regional resources.The final demand of processing provinces such as Jiangsu,Zhejiang and Guangdong,which are lack of resources,impels resource-based regions to bear the producer responsibility of implied "energy-water-carbon" nexus transfer.Among them,The large export of most resource-based industrial factors determines the "surplus" position of the implied "energy-carbon" factor nexus transfer in resource-based regions;On the contrary,non resource-based industries such as agriculture,light industry and construction industry have some nexus transfer consumption from the adjacent resource-based regions,especially the "deficit" of virtual water to maintain the balance of regional factor supply and demand;especially,further balancing the absolute consumption of resource-based areas from developed cities such as Beijing and Shanghai will be an important way of inter provincial transfer control.Based on the results of the study,this paper puts forward suggestions for sustainable development of resource-based regions from the aspects of strengthening cross system joint management,optimizing the effective connection between technology and resources,establishing the dual direction of industry supply and demand,constructing the responsibility system of regional collaborative governance.