| Poyang Lake is largest freshwater lake in China and has been an internationally important wetland and wintering ground for migratory birds.However,in recent years,Poyang Lake has experienced a series of environment problems such as the reduction of submerged plants,the increaseing degree of low water,and the deterioration of water quality.Under the condition of natural wetland degradation,artificial wetlands such as rice fields have important ecological significance as supplementary habitats for birds.Investigation on birds diversity and selcection in rice fields are beneficial to the protection of birds,especially for winter migratory birds in Poyang lake.In this study,from 2016 to 2019,we used the transect method tosurveyed rice fields twice a month in the wintering period on 7 transects which around Poyang Lake.During 2019-2020,the non-wintering period rice birds in Poyang Lake were also surveyed twice a month.The main results obtained from species diversity analysis and environmental factors analysis using CCA were as follows:(1)During the wintering period,a total of 54 species belonged to 11 orders and21 families were recorded,of which 4 were national first-level protected birds and 9national second-level protected birds.Of the 54 bird species,18 were belonged to Passeriformes,accounting for 33.3% of the total number of species;9 species were belonged to Anseriformes,accounting for 18.5%;8 species were belonged to Charadriiformes,accounting for 14.8%.In terms of resident type,there are 35 winter migratory birds,16 resident birds,and 3 summer migratory birds,accounting for64.8%,29.6%,and 5.6% of the total species.In terms of geographical composition,there were obvious Palaearetic realm features,with 37 species,accounting for 68.5%of the total species.It was followed by Oriental and widely distributed species,which were 11 and 6 species,accounting for 20.4% and 11.1% of the total species.There were 3 dominant species,accounting for 5.6% of the total species,and 4 common species,accounting for 7.4% of the total species.In the non-wintering period,a total of 44 species belonged to 9 orders and 20 families were recorded,of which 2 were national second-level protected birds.Of all species,14 species were belonged to Passeriformes and Charadriiformes,accounting for 31.82% of the total species;7 species were belonged to Pelecaniformes accounting for 5.91%.In terms of resident type,there are the most resident and summer migratory birds,both of which are 15 species,followed by 13 species of winter migratory birds,and only one species of migratory birds,accounting for 34.09%,29.54%,and 2.27% of the total species,respectively.In terms of geographical composition,the numbers of birds of Palaearetic realm and Oriental realm were basically the same,18 and 19 respectively,accounting for 43.18% and 40.91% of the total number of species,and 7 widely distributed species,accounting for 15.91%.There were 3 dominant species,accounting for 6.81% of the total species,and 12 common species,accounting for 27.27%.(2)The monthly and annual dynamics of bird communities in the rice field during the wintering period were obvious.The diversity was higher in January and February,and lower in November and March.The diversity index was highest in2016-2017(2.6243)and lowest in 2018-2019(1.9420).The monthly dynamics of non-wintering birds are also obvious,with high diversity in April-June and low diversity in September-October.(3)Six birds such as Greyleg goose and Common crane were selected for wintering period CCA analysis.The results showed that: QD(P = 0.001),QA(P =0.002),HR(P = 0.005),AI(P = 0.048),and AS(P = 0.003)were significantly correlated with the distribution of the above birds.Twelve common birds such as Wood sandpiper and Little egret were selected for non-wintering period CCA analysis.The results showed that the QD(P = 0.008),QA(P = 0.001),HR(P = 0.001)and AI(P = 0.028)were significantly correlated with the distribution of the above birds. |
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