| The family Phasianidae belongs to the class Aves and the order Galliformes,which is the largest family in the Galliformes and includes 4tribes,44 genera and 168 species.There are 21 genera and 49 species in Phasianidae in China,where about 1/3 of the species in the world were distributed and about 1/3 of the species are endemic with 50% as the National Protected Animals.Also,the birds in Phasianidae have important economic and theoretical value.With the development of molecular biology and the application of molecular biology theory,great progress has been made in the research on the phylogeny of various genera and species within Phasianidae.It also challenges the traditional classification of Phasianidae.In recent years,mitochondrial DNA has been used as an important molecular marker to infer phylogenetic relationships at different classification levels.In this study,we sequenced the complete mitochondrial genomes of14 individuals from 11 species,8 genera in Phasianidae birds to analyze the detail genomic information,and construct the phylogenetic relationship of Phasianidae birds combined with the data from the public resource database.The main results are as the followings:(1)The complete mitochondrial genomes of the experimental samples are 16,678-16,787 bp in total length,including 13 protein coding genes,2 r RNA genes,22 t RNA genes and a D-Loop region.The content of base A is 29.7%-30.8%,and that of T is 23.7%-25.7%.Whereas,the content of G and C is 13.3%-14.1% and 30.1%-32.5%,respectively.The AT content is 54.0%-56.5%,and the AT content is relatively a little higher than GC%.(2)ATP8 gene is the shortest with 165 bp in all the 13 protein coding genes and ND5 has the longest sequence of about 1800 bp.In addition to COX1 using GTG as the start codon,the remaining use ATG as the start codon,and the stop codons are TAA,AGG,TAG or a single T or A,respectively,in different protein-coding genes.Among the amino acid composition of the protein-coding genes,Leucine(Leu)was the most common amino acid,ranging from 17.0% to 17.5%,and cysteine(Cys)accounts with the lowest,only 0.7%-0.8%.(3)All the 22 t RNA genes can be folded to form a clover structure except for the shorter D neck of t RNA-Ser1 in Meleagris gallopavo(Z47),Crossoptilon mantchuricum(Z44),Crossoptilon auritum(Z45),and Crossoptilon crossoptilon(Z46),and missing of the D neck of t RNA-Ser1 in the other species.The two r RNA genes(12S r RNA and16 S r RNA genes)were respectively 965-979 bp and 1605-1625 bp in length,containing the AT value of 53.3%-56.1%.The two r RNAs are separated by t RNA-Ser.(4)The D-Loop region are located between tRNA-Glu and t RNA-Phe,and were about 1146-1232 bp in length,and the AT content is58.2%-60.4%.(5)Combined with the mt DNA genome sequences of Phasianidae species from Gen Bank,the ML and BI phylogenetic trees of Phasianidae species were constructed using two Odontophoridae species Callipepla squamata and Colinus virginianus as outgroups.The ML and BI tree showed the same topology,and the results supported the monophyly of all the used 12 genera,and the genus Ptilopachus was located at the base of the phylogeny of the Phasianidae species,and sister to other genera of the Phasianidae with very high support(BP-ML=100%,PP-BI=1).The three genera Coturnix,Tetraogallus and Alectoris grouped as a cluster with well support as well as the two genera Polyplectron and Haematortyx.The cluster V included 12 genera Ithaginis,Lophophorus,Tetraophasis,Tragopan,Meleagris,Chrysolophus,Phasianus,Lophura,Crossoptilon,Syrmaticus,Perdix and Pucrasia,which represented the main taxa in Phasianidae.The species Gallus sp(Z52)was considered as a different species from Gallus gallus according to its morphological characteristics.Our molecular analysis indicated that it should be the same species as Gallus gallus.In summary,we obtained and analyzed the complete mitochondrial genome sequence of 14 taxa in the family Phasianidae,and compared the sequence information in detail with other relative species.The phylogenetic tree of Phasianidae was constructed by combining the data from the public resource database to further clarify the phylogenetic relationship of Phasianidae speceis. |
