The Resistance System Of Phanerochaete Chrysosporium Induced By Cadmium-Sulfamethazine Combined Pollutant And The Biotransformation Process Exploration

Nowadays,the environmental problem of heavy metal and antibiotic has become more and more serious,especially their combined pollution in our realistic status due to their production and application ways.as a dominant sector in livestock industries,an increasing number of sulfamethazine were frequently detected either in the aquatic environment or soils nowadays.While Cd is a kind of common pollutant in the water and sediment of environment by natural processes and anthropogenic activities.Therefore,the removal of these pollutants especially their combined pollutants have become a serious and realistic problem which should be solved imperatively and we try to restore a more realistic contamination status and explore the application of fungibased technology.Biotransformation is an innovative,alternative and sustainable removal technology that utilizes enzyme system and various non-protein thiols from liquid or soils phase by microorganism individually or microorganisms coupled with other advanced process such as nanotechnology.Microorganism biotransformation of sulfamethazine(SMT)in aqueous environments is a major concern,especially considering their exposure to coexisting SMT and heavy metals.Phanerochaete chrysosporium(P.chrysosporium)is a more concerned Cadmium(Cd)and SMT hyper accumulation specie.This study,referring to metabolic mechanisms and application,was performed to investigate the single and combined effects of Cd-SMT,including toxicity,resistance,as well as the accumulation and biotransformation by P.chrysosporium.We try to restore a more realistic contamination status and explore the application of fungi-based technology.In this experiment,I research it from two aspects: the first one is analyzing the complex mode of Cd and SMT exteriorly.For example,the infrared spectra showed the disappearance and significant shift of O=S=O which indicated that the coordination in the Cd complex involved in O=S=O reaction,and the Magnetic resonance scans revealed that there was a possible interaction between aniline group and metal ion.the second one is monitoring the physiological index such as malonaldehyde,antioxidant enzyme and reactive oxygen species by using chemical detection and fluorescence detection.The results revealed that Cd-SMT co-contamination caused increasing active oxygen accumulation,and the number of antioxidant enzyme and non-enzymatic antioxidants were higher than that under the stress of their individual pollution.It was found that P.chrysosporium accumulated high levels of Cd with the increment of 6.98-23.96% induced by Cd-SMT co-contamination compared to under the stress of Cd individual pollution.What’s more,the addition of Cd reduced the toxicity of SMT to P.chrysosporium.The decrease of malonaldehyde and the increase of protein also proved that P.chrysosporium held enormous potential to fit in the co-contaminated environment,and to remediate the co-contaminated water especially in the long-term treatment.Not only the mechanisms such as biodegradation,biotransformation and resistance mechanisms,but also advanced applications are deep discussed.These results undoubtedly contribute to the development of fungi-based technologies and the applications of P.chrysosporium in realistic environment rather than laboratory simulation environment.