Adaptive Solutions Of Extreme Flood Events For Shanghai In A Changing Climate

Shanghai is vulnerable to extreme events such as storm surges,extreme precipitation,typhoons,and upstream inflows,which will cause severe flooding.Compound events will cause huge damages and flood risk to Shanghai,which will be enlarged by the sea level rising and extreme precipitation increasing under the changing climate.There are few researches on extreme compound flood risk in Shanghai or deep uncertainties in the future under the changing climate.Infoworks ICM hydro-hydrodynamic model was used in this study to simulate the impact of extreme events and compound extreme events on Shanghai's coastal areas,urban areas,and main river in current and future scenarios.It is found that areas close to sea and river are at highest risk,as well as Putuo District.This study learned the experience of Thames Estuary(TE2100)plan,which aims to solve deep uncertainties caused by various problems such as the rising sea level with time-varying,alternative flood risk management measures.In TE2100 plan,the long-term and efficient pathways for flood risk management in the Thames River basin under the changing climate were identified by the United Kingdom government.Gray engineering and green ecological measures were selected and analyzed to build adaptive pathways for extreme rainfall events and extreme storm surges & upstream inflow compound events respectively,which can provide recommendations for policymakers to identify long-term,efficient and flexible plans for Shanghai flood risk management.