Research On Secure Multi-party Quantum Computation Based On Blind Quantum Computation

Quantum computation is a new computational mode for the processing of quantum information units based on quantum mechanics.Quantum computer can solve the problems that classical computer cannot solve.Quantum algorithms are faster to deal with some problems than classical existing algorithms due to quantum superposition.A long time in the future,quantum computation is likely to be provided to normal users in form of “cloud computing” since quantum resources are limited.How to ensure the privacy of user data is an urgent problem to be solved,and secure multi-party quantum computation and blind quantum computation provide solutions.Secure multi-party quantum computation combines the concepts of classical cryptography and quantum computation,allowing two or more participants to compute some public functions and ensure that each participant's input data is not leaked.Blind quantum computing enables users who do not have quantum capabilities or have limited quantum capabilities to complete quantum computation with the help of untrusted quantum servers and guarantees the privacy of their algorithms and data.This paper focuses on the research of secure multi-party quantum computation and blind quantum computation and deals with the following three issues.1.By analyzing the existing blind quantum protocols and the corresponding verification methods,an improved measurement-based arbitrable blind quantum computation protocol is proposed.The protocol uses a trusted third party to solve the integrity problem that may exist between the client Alice and the server Bob in the computation process.2.By eliminating the process of encryption and decryption with secret key in the preparation phase of a typical two-party quantum computing protocol,a secure two-party quantum computation protocol is proposed in which Bob uses quantum measurement to replace the quantum state preparation and encryption operation of the original protocol.Besides,the participant Alice needs to have the ability to prepare qubits and perform Pauli-X and Pauli-Z gate operations.3.A secure two-party quantum computation protocol is proposed that only requires the participants to complete the computation and verification through making measurements.The protocol further simplifies the operation of the participant Bob,expands the resource state required by the existing protocol to the graph state,anddoes not require the encryption and decryption operations of both parties during the protocol process,and eliminates the possibility of key leakage.The security of the protocol is analyzed by comparing similar protocols.