Study On The Migration Route Of Oriental White Stork Ciconia Boyciana Tracked By Satellite In Autumn

Oriental white storks are classified as Aves,Ciconiiformes,Ciconiidae,and Cionia.Oriental White Stork was listed as the first category protection bird in Chinese Wildlife Protection lost,and listsed as endangered species in Chinese Red Book.At present,there are about 4000-5000 individuals in the world.In a foreign country,the Oriental White Stork mainly breeds in the southeast of Siberia,Russia,and in China,it mainly breeds in Sanjiang Plain and Nenjiang plain of Heilongjiang Province and in the Yellow River Delta of Shandong Province.The wintering area is mainly in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River.In this study,the migration route and stopover area of Oriental White Stork were studied by using satellite tracking technology.In the summer of 2015,8 young Storks were equipped with satellite tracker in Honghe National Nature Reserve.The data were recorded from September 1 to December 31,covering all the autumn migration process of Oriental white storks.Using satellite tracking technology to obtain the site data of the Oriental White Stork in the process of migration,including longitude,latitude,altitude,positioning time,instantaneous flight speed,temperature and other data.After sorting out and statistics,we get all kinds of basic data of the migration route and stopover area,and get the autumn migration route of the Oriental White Stork,and according to the stopover time of the stopover area,we will The stopover areas are divided into long-term supply stopover areas,short-term supply stopover areas,day and night stopover areas and night stopover areas.A total of six completed the autumn migration,namely HQ012,HQ013,HQ015,HQ016,HQ017 and HQ018.The results of satellite tracking show that there are three Oriental White Storks wintering in the Poyang Lake of Jiangxi Province,one in the Yellow River Delta reserve,one in the farmland in the south of Quanjiao County,Anhui Province,and one along the Ganjiang River of Jiangxi Province.There are two main migration routes of Oriental White Stork:one is that the Oriental White Stork propagated in Honghe Nature Reserve enters Songnen Plain,converges with the Oriental White Stork propagated here,moves south along Songnen Plain via Momoge and Xianghai in Jilin Province,along Liaohe River basin via shuangtaihezi,Beidaihe and Tianjin in Hebei Province;the other is that the White Stork gathers in Sanjiang Plain,and then crosses Changbai Mountains to reach Liao East peninsula,and then with the Songnen Plain migration of the Oriental White Stork convergence,along the Bohai Bay south migration.Only hq015 white stork chose the first migration route,and the other 5 Oriental White Storks chose the second migration route.From the perspective of migration route,the Oriental White Stork shows a more flexible migration strategy.They can fly over the Bohai Bay or along the coastline.During the autumn migration,the Oriental White Stork crossed the Bohai Sea in two ways.One Oriental White Stork chose this route.Most oriental white storks chose to fly along the coastline or avoid the Bohai Bay during their migration.If the stork migration route is rich in food,the stork will be accompanied by many foraging stops during the migration process.Based on the analysis of the resting time and the active area of the Oriental White Stork,it is calculated that the six Oriental White Storks that have completed the migration have the longest resting time in the process of migration:liaohekou reserve,Caofeidian wetland,Tianjin Beidagang Reservoir,Huanghekou reserve and Nenjiang river bank,and the middle resting place with the largest active area is liaohekou reserve.Most of the resting places with the longest resting time are distributed along the coast of Bohai Bay,which may indicate that the resting places where storks can get food during migration are relatively limited,but the wetland around Bohai Bay is relatively rich in food.In 2015,the autumn migration distance of six Oriental White Storks was 2968.3 ± 507.5(standard error)km.The time range of migration start is from October 7 to October 20;the time interval of migration start is 14 days.The end of migration was from November 2 to December 18,and the interval between the end of migration was 46 days.The average resting time of six Oriental White Storks was 38.1±12.3(standard error)d,and the resting time accounted for more than 70%of the total.The longest resting time of hq018 Oriental white stork is 51.2 days.The minimum resting time of hq015 Oriental white stork is 19.3 days.The longest resting time is in Beidagang Reservoir,which is the long-term resting place for Oriental white stork.The resting time accounts for 33.49%of the total resting time.In the process of migration of six Oriental white storks,the migration frequency is the most in the altitude range below 100m,and the maximum flight altitude is 2410m.According to the analysis of the data,the main mountains crossed by the Oriental White Stork during its migration are Changbai Mountains in China and Yanshan Mountains in China.In the instantaneous speed of flight,there is no speed more than 100 km/h,and only once when the speed is higher than 90 km/h.The speed below 50km/h accounts for 96.72%of the total flight frequency.The frequency of tracking Oriental white stork is the highest from 11:00 to 12:00,the lowest from 2:00 to 3:00,and the situation of flying at night is very few.Oriental White Storks rarely fly continuously at night.