| Camellia(Camellia oleifera Abel.)is one of the plants with high economic cultivation value in Camellia of Theaceae.Due to the slow growth of Camellia oleifera Abel,it usually takes 3 to 5 years to bear fruit,which is beneficial.Therefore,during the growth of Camellia oleifera Abel,it is very important to supply enough nutrients to prevent pests and diseases.This study used Camellia oleifera Abel in Hainan Province as the research object,and used traditional separation methods to isolate and screen high-efficiency functional bacteria from Camellia oleifera Abel planting areas in Hunan and Hainan Province.The wastes are used as raw materials to make special antagonistic fertilizer for camellia.The purpose is to develop a special antagonistic fertilizer for Camellia oleifera to promote vigorous growth,increase yield and reduce morbidity.The main findings are as follows:(1)Physical and chemical properties of oil tea rhizosphere soilThe soil of the sampling site is sandy loam,and the soil is acidic.The optimal pH of camellia is 4?6,indicating that both areas are suitable for the growth of camellia.The soil organic matter content in Hainan Province is not too high,and the soil fertility is not enough.The content of soil available nitrogen in Hainan Province is 79.2 mg/kg-224.1 mg/kg,which varies greatly in different regions.The content of soil available nitrogen in Hunan Province is 46.8 mg/kg?66.5 mg/kg.It shows that Hainan Province should selectively apply nitrogen fertilizer according to the local Camellia soil,and the available nitrogen content in Hunan Province is generally low.The soil available phosphorus content in Hainan Province ranges from 1.2 mg/kg to 9.3 mg/kg,and the soil available phosphorus in Hunan Province contains 1.5 mg/kg to 3.5 mg/kg.The available phosphorus content is relatively low,and appropriate addition of phosphate fertilizer is required.(2)Screening and identification of efficient functional bacteria in the rhizosphere of Camellia oleiferaHigh-efficiency nitrogen-fixing bacteria were screened from the soil of Camellia oleifera bases in Hainan Province and Hunan Province.A total of 227 cultivable nitrogen-fixing bacteria,187 phosphate-resolving bacteria and 89 potassium-resolving bacteria were isolated and purified.Among them,the highest nitrogenase activity of Hunan province strain HNLY-N08 was 1823.79 nmol.h-1.mL-1.The strain HNHL-P03 dissolved calcium phosphate up to 228.46 mg/L.There was no significant difference in the amount of potassium released among the strains,and the maximum amount of potassium released was 12.96 mg/L.In addition,the strain HNLY-N08 was found to have a certain inhibitory effect on the root rot pathogen.After identification,HNLY-N08 has the closest genetic evolution relationship with Pseudomonas azotoformans,HNHL-N07 has the closest genetic evolution relationship with Burkholderia cenocepacia,and HNHY-P05 has the Pseudomonas aeruginosa Pseudomonas aeruginosa has the closest genetic evolution relationship,HNHL-P03 has the closest genetic evolution relationship with Raoultella planticola,HNHY-NK03 has the closest genetic evolution relationship with Serratia ureilytica,and HNCM-K11 has the closest genetic evolution relationship with Pseudomonas fluorescens,with a homology of 99%.(3)Recombination of high-efficiency functional bacteria in the rhizosphere of Camellia oleifera and optimization of fermentationWhen the cultivation time is 24 h?36 h,all three strains of Hunan Province are in the stable period,and the bacterial concentration is the highest,and the concentration is not much different.It is suitable for sampling and inoculation in this time period.There is a certain difference in the change trend of the growth curve of the 3 strains in Hainan Province.When the incubation time is from 24 h to 36 h,the three strains are in the stable period,and it is suitable to take samples at this stage.The recombinable functional strains are not antagonistic to each other.After compounding,the strain combination HNLY-N08+HNHY-P05+HNHY-NK03 of Hunan Province had a nitrogen fixation amount of 198.22 mg/L and a dissolved phosphorus amount of 220.23 mg/L.The amount of nitrogen fixation of the strain combination in Hainan Province was as high as 251.66 mg/L,and the amount of phosphorus dissolved was 262.432 mg/L.It shows that the compound of bacteria can improve the activity of the flora and has a synergistic effect.The fermentation optimization results showed that the optimal fermentation temperature of the functional flora in Hunan Province was 31?,the optimal pH was 7,the optimal inoculation volume was 12%,the optimal loading volume was 30%,and the optimal rotation speed was 140 r/min.The optimal pH of the functional flora in Hainan Province is 6.6,the optimal fermentation temperature is 34?,the optimal inoculation volume is 10%,the optimal filling volume is 30%,and the optimal rotation speed is 160 r/min.The heat resistance of functional bacteria in Hainan is higher than that in Hunan.When the pH is around 7,the flora is suitable for growth.Among them,the pH of Hainan Province is lower than that of Hunan Province,which may be related to the main acidity of the soil in Hainan Province(4)Development of antagonistic fertilizer and pot experimentThe effective viable bacteria count of the antagonistic fertilizer specially used for Camellia oleifera in Hunan Province is 1.2×108/g,the pH is 6.9,and there is no pollution of excessive bacteria,which meets the standard.The pot experiment showed that compared with before application,the seedling height of the seven experimental groups all increased,and the effect of antagonistic antibacterial fertilizer was more obvious.The ground diameter of Camellia oleifera seedlings in the seven experimental groups did not change much After applying antagonistic fertilizer,the total amount of soil microorganisms is higher,which shows that applying antagonistic fertilizer can promote the reproduction of soil microorganisms.After applying antagonistic fertilizer,the soil pH did not change much,and the content of soil available nitrogen was higher than that of other experimental groups.The content of available phosphorus is not much different.The content of available potassium in J1 and J2 groups was higher than that in other experimental groups.It shows that antagonistic fertilizer can increase the content of soil available nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium to a certain extent.The activity of soil catalase in the J2 group with antagonistic fertilizer increased,and the activity of invertase was the highest.The antagonistic fertilizer could increase the activity of soil enzyme to a certain extent.The change of urease is not obvious.Due to various factors,the urease activity of H1 group is greater than that of J2 group.In general,antagonistic fertilizers played a role in promoting soil enzyme activity.The incidence of root rot in the pot experiment was found that the CK2 group and the J3 group inoculated with root rot were investigated.The J3 group applied the antagonistic antibacterial fertilizer to reduce the incidence of 73%.Antagonistic antibacterial fertilizer effectively reduced the incidence.In summary,the antagonistic antibacterial fertilizer group has a significant effect on the growth of Camellia oleifera,which has a certain degree of influence on soil microbial biomass,available nitrogen,phosphorus,and potassium,and also reduces the incidence of root rot,indicating that there is a certain effect of bacterial fertilizer.However,the fertilization time is relatively short.To further explore the effect of fertilization,long-term fertilization is required. |
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