| Vision is one of the most important sensory organs in humans and animals.Visual information accounts for more than 90% of the information collected by all sensory organs.Human beings are good at object recognition and processing under complex background,and human visual recognition and processing mechanism is one of the hot spots in current research.In the study of cognitive neuroscience,visual experts refer to individuals with excellent visual recognition skills,which are acquired through long-term training and whose behavior is stable.Visual experts are not limited to the recognition of a certain kind of objects.At present,various research groups observe the characteristics of brain activity non-inventively and with high time resolution based on EEG technology,and study the recognition mechanism by extracting the event-related potential(ERP)components corresponding to the process of visual experts recognizing objects from EEG signals.There are two problems in studying the visual expert recognition mechanism based on EEG technology.The first problem is to study the ERP component activation differences between visual expert groups(experts vs.non-experts)in performing expertise object recognition tasks,as to analyze to analyze the influence of visual experience on visual recognition.The second problem is to study the ERP component activation differences when visual experts perform different recognition task(expertise object vs.non-expertise object),as to analyze the differences in visual experts' recognition mechanisms of different objects.However,the ERP results of the two studies did not reach a consistent conclusion Therefore,it is of great significance to solve the inconsistency of research results of ERP activation differences in different visual expert models.First of all,there is a controversial issue on the difference of ERP components between groups of different visual experts and non-experts based on EEG.This study selected 13 published comparative studies of visual experts and novices for meta-analysis,including267 visual experts and 154 control novices.The results showed that the visual experts showed greater amplitude of N170 component than the non-experts when performing expertise object recognition [SMD=-0.304,95%CI=-0.605-(-0.003)] Subgroup analysis showed that visual experts had more significant differences than novice N170 activation in the subordinate level task compared with simple basic level task [subordinate :SMD=-0.912,basic:SMD=-0.071]and there was no difference in N170 amplitude betweenface experts and novice [SMD=-0.015,95%CI=(-0.254)-0.224],while there was still significant difference between experts of other types and novice [SMD=-0.604,95%CI=(-1.136)-(-0.071)].Furthermore,this paper found that the N170 activated by face experts was right-laterally activated and others was bilaterally [SMD=0.249,95%CI=0.01-0.489].Quantitative analysis of P100 and P200 component amplitudes found that there was no difference between visual experts and novices [P100:SMD=0.139,95%CI=(-0.312)-0.591;P200:SMD=0.183,95%CI =(-0.258)-0.625].Second,previous researchers on the face task state difference of experts has been more consistent results obtained,so the study on visual experts do not match the ERP activation differences perform different tasks eliminated from the face research question related research,this study selected 16 published research visual experts to deal with different target recognition mechanism analyses literature for meta analysis,contains 280 various types of visual experts.The results showed that various types of visual experts performed expertise tasks with a greater N170 component amplitude than non-expertise tasks[SMD=-0.564,95%CI=(-0.909)-(-0.219)].The subgroup analysis results divided by classification level differences showed that the execution of expert tasks at both subordinate and basic levels triggered a larger N170 amplitude than that of non-expert tasks,but the difference was larger under subordinate tasks [basic : SMD=-0.502;subordinate : SMD=-0.710].Furthermore,this paper found that the N170 activated by words experts was left-laterally activated [SMD=-0.331,95%CI=(-0.521)-(-0.141)]and others was bilateral [SMD=-0.081,95%CI=(-0.564)-0.401].This paper confirmed that visual experts after a long training,access to specialist skills related to visual recognition system have a role,make its compared to the novice to related brain regions more active when the target recognition,further found that involving memory,attention,such as advanced visual processing increase significantly,but not obvious effects on primary visual processing;On the other hand,it is confirmed that N170 is a component related to expert knowledge rather than face specificity,and visual experts tend to process expert objects more than general objects,which also indicates that specific processing exists in the visual system of cortex,and this process is driven by relevant visual experience.Other brain regions distribution of different types of Visual expert identification system differences,face class experts face specific regional FFA right occipital temporal lobe(fusiform face area),which appear right,Word class expertsbecause there are a Word on the left side of the brain regions processing area Visual Word Form area(VWFA)and left,and other types of Visual experts without specific Visual areas appear on both sides. |
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