| Rotary tillage is the main tillage method in straw returning wheat area of Hebei Province.Wheat crown rot in this area has been increasing year by year.Considering the lack of resistant varieties,environmental pollution,food safety,and resistance to the chemical pesticides,the growth of wheat and the occurrence of wheat crown rot and yield of wheat were determined through field trials in three regions under two tillage methods including deep tillage and rotary tillage in this study.The effects of two tillage methods on soil microbial function and diversity in different depths of wheat field were determined by Biolog-Eco microplate method and high-throughput sequencing method.The aim was to provide basis for ecological control of wheat crown rot and to reduce the use of chemical pesticides.The main findings were as follows:1.Deep tillage treatment increased the plant height,tiller number and secondary root number of wheat.At the seeding stage,deep tillage treatment increased the plant height of wheat by 14.36% compared with rotary tillage.At the wintering stage,deep tillage treatment increased the plant height and tiller number of wheat,which increased by 16.78% and 38.46%,respectively.At the jointing stage,deep tillage treatment significantly increased the plant height of wheat by 17.37% compared with rotary tillage.At maturity stage Deep tillage treatment significantly increased plant height and tiller number of wheat,which increased by 9.87% and 17.31%,respectively.2.The yield of wheat in the three test bases was significantly higher than that in the rotary tillage treatment.Among them,the wheat yield was up to 7951.3 kg/hm2 and the increase rate of yield was the highest of hanmai 1412 in wangdu test base with 8.1%.The wheat yield of gaoyou 2018 in ningjin test base was 7455.0 kg/hm2,and the yield increase rate was the lowest,with only 3.7%.3.In the wintering,turning green,jointing,heading and maturity stages,the average control effects of deep tillage treatment on wheat stem based rot were 69.2%,63.5%,50.6%,46.2% and 40.4%,respectively.4.The microorganism activity in 0?20 cm soil was the highest,and the microorganism activity was the lowest in 20?40 cm soil,with the AWCD value from 0.01 to 1.60.The deep tillage treatment significantly improved the dominance,abundance and uniformity of microorganism in 0?20 cm soil,with an increase of 10.34%,20.97% and 135.31%,respectively.The dominance index,shannon index and the uniformity index of microorganism in 20?40 cm soil were decreased by 3.16%,13.07% and 43.60%,respectively.The deep tillage treatment increased the utilization ability of microorganism to sugar,carboxylic acid,amino acid and polymer carbon sources in 0?20 cm soil,which increased by 116.98%,115.15%,159.02% and 53.71%,respectively.The utilization capacity of microorganism in 20?40 cm soil of deep tillage treatment was the lowest to the six types of carbon sources.5.The microorganism community species and abundance index of deep tillage treatment in wheat field ploughed soil were lower than those of rotary tillage treatment.The soil microorganism dominance and shannon index in 0?10 cm and 30?40 cm tillage soil were both higher than those of rotary tillage treatment,which were improved by 2.17%,6.90%,7.68%,and 10.80%,respectively.At the genus classification level,the abundance of the soil fungi Mortierella and Gibberella were higher than those of the rotary tillage treatment,which increased by 149.11% and 11.64%,respectively,and the abundance of Acremonium,Fusarium and Cryptococcus were lower than those of rotary tillage,with a decrease of 58.13%,28.33% and 6.02%,respectively. |
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