Preparation And Performance Study Of Oil Spill Emergency Adsorption Materials

With the development of shipping,the world's oil products exceeding half of the production rely on marine tankers for transportation.Oil tanks are often leaked due to weather,collisions and unexpected accidents during the transportation of surface tankers.The oil spill emergency treatment process is generally combined with a variety of methods to achieve the best results,in which the use of adsorbent materials has become an ideal disposal method due to high efficiency and universality.In view of the current poor performance of adsorbent materials on the market,this paper mainly studies the modification methods of two different oil-absorbing materials,and analyzes their adsorption effects on different oil products in order to meet the needs of emergency adsorption.?1?Using the cheap melamine resin sponge commonly used in the market as a substrate,the sponge is subjected to hydrophobic treatment by solution impregnation method using n-octyltrichlorosilane,and the long-chain silane branch is attached to the surface of the sponge skeleton.The adsorbed volume of the sponge satisfies the hydrophobic/oleophilic properties.The optimum silane concentration,treatment time and modification temperature were determined by analysis of the contact angle of the modified material.Characterization of materials before and after modification by means of scanning electron microscopy?SEM?,energy dispersive spectroscopy?EDS?,Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy?FTIR?,thermogravimetric analyzer?TGA?and X-ray diffractometry?XPS?.Then,oil absorption performance of the modified resin sponge was tested.The saturated adsorption ratios of crude oil,lubricating oil,peanut oil and diesel oil were 94.27g/g,84.04g/g,77.91g/g and 73.42g/g,respectively.The recycling performance of the modified sponge is compared by extrusion and suction filtration.Compared with extrusion,the suction filtration method can increase the service life and recovery performance of the material;the modified sponge performed well in the static and dynamic tests of the laboratory,and at the same time,it is used for engineering simulation with the help of the large water tank.In compared with the commonly used oil absorption materials in the market,the modified sponge exhibits excellent adsorption performance and stability.?2?Environmental friendly puts higher requirements on the adsorbent material,so a natural organic adsorbent material is prepared by using cotton fiber as a substrate.The wax on the surface of the cotton is removed by boiling the alkali solution by comparing several methods,so that the internal fiber is easily exposed and modified;the SiO₂ coating is coated on the surface of the cotton fiber by the sol-gel method to form a rough structure and increase the specific surface area.The optimum ratio of distilled water,solvent,catalyst and metal alkoxide was determined in the process.Finally,the octadecyltrichlorosilane was used for hydrophobic treatment to study the effect of modification time on hydrophobic properties.Material characterization was analyzed by means of SEM,EDS,FTIR,specific surface area analyzer?BET?and X-ray diffractometry?XRD?.The adsorption ratio of the modified cotton was tested,and the water absorption ratio was close to 0g/g.The adsorption ratios of various oils were 25g/g to 60g/g,respectively,and the oil retention performance and cycle performance were good too.The material is recycled by extrusion,and after 10 times of repeated use,the adsorption ratio of the different oils remains above 60%.At the same time,the effects of material dosage and environmental factors?salt content,temperature,pH and oscillation frequency?on the oil absorption rate and oil removal rate of the material were studied.?3?The kinetic and thermodynamic analysis of the prepared two materials,the quasi-first-order adsorption kinetics,quasi-secondary adsorption kinetics and intraparticle diffusion kinetics model were used to fit the adsorption process;Langmuir was used in thermodynamics.Isothermal adsorption,Freundlich isotherm adsorption and Henry isotherm adsorption model were fitted to the isotherms.The research shows that the adsorption of modified melamine sponge on the mixed system oil meets the quasi-first-order adsorption kinetics and the Freundlich isotherm adsorption model;the modified cotton fiber adsorption process accords with the quasi-secondary adsorption kinetics and the Freundlich isotherm adsorption process.Both of them satisfy the C-type adsorption isotherm process,and the adsorption of the oil meets the adsorption of the multi-layer material on the non-uniform surface,and the adsorption capacity is strong.