| Objective: Ceratopogonidae is a tiny insect in Diptera,in which non-blood-sucking midges are important pollinators and available insects in agricultural control,while blood-sucking midges are important vector insect.So far,the taxonomic study of taxonomy by taxonomists has focused on the adult,but the immature stage lacked in-depth research.This study used a combination of the overall structure and ultrastructure of the immature stage of Ceratopogonidae in Zunyi area.The morphological characteristics and differences are presented more completely,clearly and intuitively,so as to accurately describe and distinguish the immature stage morphological patterns of the Ceratopogonidae,objective to find out the morphological classification basis of Ceratopogonidae in its immature stage,in order to improve the morphological description of the immature stage,which provides more reliable basis for the classification research of Ceratopogonidae in China.Methods: The collection of adults and the immature stage is first carried out.The adults were collected by lamp trapping,human attractant trapping,and net sweeping.The immature stage was collected by the saturated saline method and the berlese funnel method.Subsequently,the collected immature stage and adults are used for breeding,and the different immature stage of the same species of Ceratopogonidae are obtained,and according to the different immature stage,the identification of larval stage is completed.Finally,the morphological characteristics of Ceratopogonidae in different immature stages were observed by light microscopy and scanning electron microscopy.The identification of adults and the morphological description of the immature stages were completed by the detailed characteristics of key structures.Adults: whether the compound eyes are connected,the number of bristles of clypeus,the antennae with engraved or not,the sensory pit is presence or absence,the number of metatibial distae bristles,the number of spermatheca,the shape of the subgenital plate,and the characteristics of the hypopygium,and the AR values,wing length and wing width,etc.The description of the immature stage includes:(1)pupae,dorsal apotome shape,dorsolateral cephalic sclerite sensilla,clypeal/labral sensilla and ocular sensilla,metathoracics sensilla,dorsal and supraalar sensilla,anterolateral and anteromedial sensilla,lateral and dorsal sensilla of first abdominal segment,dorsal,number and type of lateral and ventral sensilla of segment IV and the morphological structure of the IX abdominal segment.(2)Larva: the chaetotaxy on the head capsule,the structural features of mouthparts,the spinous processes on the sides of the thoracic and abdominal segments,the morphology and number of the bristles,and the morphology of the caudal segment.Results: Through the collection of Makan Village,Honghuagang District,Zunyi City,Xiaojiawan Village,Zunyi City,Hailongtun Scenic Area,Zunyi City,Xiangshuwan Village,Zunyi City,and Fentaiba Village,Maoshi Town,Zunyi City,5196 adults,538 larvae,41 pupae and 31 eggs were collected.After identification,9species of adults and their immature stages were found.including: adult,fourth instar larva and pupa of Dasyhelea(Pseudoculicoides)alula,Dasyhelea(Dasyhelea)caeruleus,Dasyhelea(Leptobranchia)sp1,Dasyhelea(Dasyhelea)sp2,adult and pupa of Dasyhelea(Pseudoculicoides)sp3,adult,fourth instar larva and pupa of Forcipomyia(Thyridomyia)sp4,Forcipomyia(Thyridomyia)sp5,adult,first instar larva and egg of Lasiohelea taiwana,Lasiohelea sp6.In addition,this study detailedly described the different morphological immature stage of 9 species in China;and a summary of the morphological characteristics of the fourth instar larvae and pupa of the genus Dasyhelea,genus Forcipomyia were made.Based on the above summary and combining the literatures of the immature stage classification of Ceratopogonidae at home and abroad,generic characters of the fourth instar larvae and pupa of the genus Dasyhelea,and generic characters of the first instar larvae and eggs of the genus Lasiohelea,and subgeneric characters of fourth instar larvae pupa of subgenus of Thyridomyia are presented.We made a key to four instar larvae of Dasyhelea(Pseudoculicoides)alula,Dasyhelea(Dasyhelea)caeruleus,Dasyhelea(Leptobranchia)sp1,Dasyhelea(Dasyhelea)sp2,Forcipomyia(Thyridomyia)sp4,Forcipomyia(Thyridomyia)sp5,and a key to pupa of Dasyhelea(Pseudoculicoides)alula,Dasyhelea(Dasyhelea)caeruleus,Dasyhelea(Leptobranchia)sp1,Dasyhelea(Dasyhelea)sp2,Dasyhelea(Dasyhelea)sp3,Forcipomyia(Thyridomyia)sp4,Forcipomyia(Thyridomyia)sp5.According to their classification characteristics,the main identification characteristics of the genus Forcipomyia(Thyridomyia),Dasyhelea and Lasiohelea were summarized.According to its classification characteristics,the main identification characteristics of the genus Dasyhelea,Lasiohelea and Forcipomyia(Thyridomyia)were respectively:(1)pupa:The size and shape of dorsal apotome,and the number of anterior wrinkles,and the number,position and surface of the protuberance;The shape of the respiratory organ,the number of distal tracheal tube and the number of basal spiralled trachea.(2)The main identification characteristics of the fourth instar larvae of genus Dasyhelea include: Internal structure of the mouthparts;The number of comb teeth on the edge of the epipharynx and its subsidiary structure;The number of hooks and the presence or absence of spikes in the caudal segment.(3)The main identification characteristics of the fourth instar larvae of the genus Forcipomyia include: The number and shape of the dorsal spines in the chest and abdomen,and the number and distribution of the lateral and ventral bristles;The number of hooks and the structure of the ventral and dorsal side structures in the caudal segment.(4)The main identification characteristics of the first instar larvae of the genus Lasiohelea include: the number of tail barbs and the shape and number of dorsal nodules,the number of bristles distributed on the side.(5)The main identification characteristics of the first instar larvae of the genus Lasiohelea include: the side and front of the egg;there are no protrusions at both ends of the egg.Conclusion: This study not only enrich the species of Ceratopogonidae in China,but also further improve the morphological description of the immature stages of Ceratopogonidae in China.It also provides a basis for the morphological classification of Ceratopogonidae,and further provides a classification study for the mites in China.More abundant and reliable data resources. |
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