Effects Of Different Fertilization Measures On Phosphorus And Microbiological Characteristics Of Black Soil

The growth of plants needs to be supplemented with phosphorus.It affects plants growth stage.The lack of phosphorus affects the yield and quality of crops.But not all phosphorus can be absorbed by plants.The available phosphorus can be absorbed by plants.The non-available phosphorus exists in the soil in a stable form.The application of chemical phosphate fertilizers is an important measure to increase the available phosphorus in soil.However,the utilization of phosphate fertilizers is low,and most of the available phosphorus are locked up in soil,The application of organic manure can increase the content of available phosphorus and improve phosphorus fixation.The effects of different fertilization measures on soil phosphorus characteristics,phosphatase activity and microbial diversity were studied with 5 year field location test base black soil,and the changes of soil phosphorus capacity,phosphorus form and soil microorganism after applying different kinds of organic manure are compared.It provides a theoretical basis for reducing chemical phosphate fertilizer and the increase rate of phosphate fertilizer.The main results are as follows:1.Application of organic fertilizer and inorganic fertilizer increased the content of soil total phosphorus,after organic and inorganic fertilizer apply the soil,the total phosphorus content is significantly higher than that of the single application of inorganic fertilizer,Range of total phosphorus 0.42¹.03 g/kg,Content of total phosphorus is:pig manure>chicken manure>composting manure>cow manure>NPK>CK>biomass carbon.Application of chemical fertilizer or organic fertilizer can significantly increase the content of available phosphorus in soil,range of available phosphorus is 14.8¹18.1 mg/kg,and content of available phosphorus is:pig manure>chicken manure>cow manure>composting manure>NPK>biomass carbon>CK.2.Fertilization can improve the content of inorganic phosphorus fractions in soil,but different organic fertilizer on inorganic phosphorus fractions have different effects.Range of Ca₂-P is 9.44¹06.5 mg/kg,and content of Ca₂-P is:pig manure>chicken manure>cow manure>composting manure>NPK>biomass carbon>CK;Range of Ca₈-P is 5.99⁷2.9 mg/kg,and content of Ca₈-P is:pig manure>chicken manure>cow manure>composting manure>NPK>CK>biomass carbon;Range of Al-P is 30.1¹56.6 mg/kg,and content of Al-P is:chicken manure>pig manure>composting manure>NPK>biomass carbon>cow manure>CK;Range of Fe-P is 57.9¹37.7 mg/kg,and content of Fe-P is:chicken manure>pig manure>composting manure>cow manure>NPK>CK>biomass carbon;Range of O-P is 16.9²8.6 mg/kg,and content of O-P is:pig manure>biomass carbon>chicken manure>cow manure>composting manure>NPK>CK;Range of Ca₁₀-P is 32.1¹21.0 mg/kg,and content of Ca₁₀-P is:pig manure>chicken manure>composting manure>biomass carbon>cow manure>NPK>CK;The application of different types of fertilizer to the relative content of soil inorganic phosphorus components was affected.Compared with CK,the application of NPK increased the relative content of Ca₂-P and Al-P in the inorganic phosphorus components.Compared with NPK,the relative content of Ca₂-P,Ca₈-P and Ca₁₀-P in the inorganic phosphorus components is increased with pig manure and chicken manure,and the relative content of Ca₂-P,Ca₈-P and Ca₁₀-P in the inorganic phosphorus components is increased by application of cow manure,and the relative content of Ca₁₀-P is increased by application of composting fertilizer,and the relative content of Ca₁₀-P and O-P is increased by application of biomass carbon.3.Effects of different types of fertilizers on soil organic phosphorus fractions are different.Range of labile organic phosphorus is 10.7³8.1 mg/kg,and content of labile organic phosphorus is:pig manure>chicken manure>cow manure>composting manure>NPK>biomass carbon>CK;Range of moderate labile organic phosphorus is 105.24¹96.08 mg/kg,and content of moderate labile organic phosphorus is:pig manure>chicken manure>cow manure>composting manure>biomass carbon>NPK>CK;Range of moderate stable organic phosphorus is 6.14⁹8.0 mg/kg,and content of moderate stable organic phosphorus is:pig manure>chicken manure>cow manure>composting manure>biomass carbon>NPK>CK;Range of high stable organic phosphorus is 68.3¹09.7 mg/kg,and content of high stable organic phosphorus is:chicken manure>pig manure>biomass carbon>composting manure>cow manure>NPK>CK;Fertilization has no effect on the relative content of organic phosphorus fractions.The order of relative content is:moderate labile organic phosphorus>high stable organic phosphorus>moderate stable organic phosphorus>labile organic phosphorus.Fertilization affects the proportion of inorganic phosphorus and organic phosphorus to total phosphorus,and the relative content of inorganic phosphorus is 38⁵8%.The relative content is:pig manure>chicken manure>composting manure>NPK>cow manure>biomass carbon>CK.4.Effects of different types of fertilizer on Phosphorous phosphate activity in soil.Range of acid phosphatase activity is 87.5¹64.8 mg/?kg·h?,and content of acid phosphatase activity is:pig manure>chicken manure>composting manure>cow manure>biomass carbon>NPK>CK;Range of alkaline phosphatase activity is 351.6⁶56.2 mg/?kg·h?,and content of alkaline phosphataseactivityis:pigmanure>chickenmanure>cowmanure>composting manure>biomass carbon>NPK>CK;Range of phosphodiesterase activity is 47.5⁹5.0 mg/?kg·h?,and content of phosphodiesterase activity is:pig manure>chicken manure>cow manure>composting manure>biomass carbon>NPK>CK.5.Range of microbial biomass phosphorus is 3.80⁹.70 mg/kg,and content of microbial biomassphosphorusis:chickenmanure>pigmanure>cowmanure>composting manure>NPK>biomass carbon>CK.6.Through the analysis of Shannon index,Simpson index and ACE index,it is showed that the microbial diversity of soil with inorganic and organic fertilizer is reduced.Compared with the fertilization treatment,the microbial diversity in soil is higher than that of other treatments.Different fertilization treatments have different effects on dominant phylum?Actinobacteria and Proteobacteria?in soil,and inorganic fertilizer increased the relative content of dominant phylum.Compared with the inorganic fertilizer,the relative content of Actinobacteria is reduced by the application of organic manure.In addition,manure?pig manure,chicken manure and cow manure?and composting manure increase the relative content of Proteobacteria,and biomass carbon decreased the relative content of Proteobacteria.Redundancy analysis show that the correlation between Bacteroidetes and different forms of phosphorus is the highest.There is a good correlation between the Firmicutes and Actinobacteria and different phosphorus?available phosphorus,inorganic phosphorus fractions,organic phosphorus fractions,microbial biomass phosphorus and soil phosphatase?.7.Available phosphorus is significantly related to Ca₂-P,Ca₈-P,Al-P,Fe-P and Ca₁₀-P in the inorganic phosphorus components.The correlation coefficient between available phosphorus and Ca₂-P is the highest,and the correlation coefficient with Ca₁₀-P is the lowest,which is not related to O-P.Olsen-P is significantly correlated with labile organic phosphorus,moderate labile organic phosphorus and moderate stable organic phosphorus,and not related to high stable organic phosphorus.After application of different fertilizers,soil acid phosphatase activity,alkaline phosphatase activity and phosphodiesterase activity are significantly correlated with four organic phosphorus fractions?labile organic phosphorus,moderate labile organic phosphorus,moderate stable organic phosphorus and high stable organic phosphorus?.