Acute Toxicity And Ecological Risk Assessment Of Personal Care Products

With the continuous development of society,the use of personal care products such as shampoos,toothpaste,mosquito coils and sunscreens has increased dramatically.Ultraviolet(UV)-absorbing chemicals(UV filters)are used in personal care products for the protection of human skin and hair from damage by UV radiation.Although these substances are released into the environment during the production and consumption processes,little is known about their ecotoxicology effects.In the present study,the acute toxicity and ecological risk of benzophenone(BP),benzophenone-1(BP-1),benzophenone-2(BP-2),benzophenone-3(BP-3),and benzophenone-4(BP-4)to Chlorella vulgaris,Daphnia magna,and Brachydanio rerio were explored and analyzed.Based on the results,the predicted no-effect concentration values were derived to predicte the potential ecotoxicity of organic UV filters.These results would provide scientific basis for the developing environmental criteria for such chemicals.And according to the results of the toxicity test,the 96h-EC50 values of BP-1,BP-2,BP-3 and BP-4 on C.vulgaris were 29.70 mg/L,190.67 mg/L,2.98 mg/L and 201.00 mg/L,respectively.The 48h-LC50 values of BP-1,BP-2,BP-3 and BP-4 on D.magna were 17.23 mg/L,52.81 mg/L,1.10 mg/L and 47.47 mg/L,respectively.The 96h-LC50 values of BP-1,BP-2,BP-3 and BP-4 on B.rerio were 7.14 mg/L,50.80 mg/L,3.89 mg/L and 633.00 mg/L,respectively.By applying the AIST-Me RAM,the predicted no-effect concentrations(PNEC)value derived from the AF method were 0.071 mg/L,0.51 mg/L,0.0018 mg/L,0.47 mg/L mg/L.The potential ecotoxical risk of the 4 chemicals are ranked as BP-3>BP-1>BP-4>BP-2.The mixing toxicity of BP and BP-3 showed additive effects on C.vulgaris,but showed antagonistic effects on D.magna.The mixing toxicity of BP and BP-4 on C.vulgaris and D.magna all showed antagonistic effects.The mixing toxicity of BP-1 and BP-2 on C.vulgaris and D.magna showed antagonistic effects.The mixing toxicity of BP-3 and BP-4 on C.vulgaris,D.magna,and B.rerio all showed antagonistic effects.The toxicity of a mixture of BP-1,BP-3 and BP-4 on C.vulgaris showed antagonistic effects.The toxicity of a mixture of BP-1,BP-2,BP-3 and BP-4 also was showed antagonistic effects on C.vulgaris.The PNEC of 4 UV filters were all lower than the concentrations detected in the environment at present.And the toxicity of mixture of 4 UV filters almost were showed antagonistic effects on C.vulgaris,D.magna,and B.rerio.So the results verified that BP-1,BP-2,BP-3 and BP-4 remain low-risk chemicals to the aquatic ecosystem.