The Current Situation,Problems And Countermeasures Of Straw Nutrient Resources For The Use Of Returning To Fields In Main Cultivated Areas Of China

The quality of cultivated land in China is generally low,and the population is large.The pressure on grain production is large.The annual application of chemical fertilizers to meet the demand for food has led to a serious decline in the quality of cultivated land.Straw is a high-quality renewable organic fertilizer that is rich in nutrients.The use of these nutrients in the field can not only improve the fertility,improve the quality of cultivated land,but also avoid waste of resources and protect the ecological environment.At present,the current situation of the amount,spatial distribution and utilization of straw nutrient resources in China is not clear,and the problems existing in the process of returning straw nutrients to the field are not enough,the utilization rate of straw nutrient resources returning is low,which seriously restricts the sustainable development of China's agricultural recycling economy and agriculture.Therefore,this paper analyzes the current situation of straw nutrient resources and the problems of straw nutrient in returning to the fields in the three main farming areas of Northeast of China,Huanghuaihai and Southeast of China region by collecting literature data,and proposes corresponding solutions.The main conclusions drawn are:?1?The number of straws in the three main farming areas in Northeast China,Huanghuaihai and Southeast China is huge,and the straw nutrient resources are abundant.It is estimated that the total straw resources in the three regions is about 568 million tons,and the nutrient content is about 5,092,600 tons?N?,1,162,200 tons?P₂O₅?,8,698,200 tons?K₂O?,and 18,994,600 tons?organic carbon?.The research results show that the three main farming areas in Northeast of China,Huanghuaihai and Southeast of China region have returned to the field through straw,and the potential for returning nutrient resources is huge.For example,if the straw nutrient is returned to the field,it can meet more than 50%of the crop's K₂O content,and it can satisfy more than 30%of the crop N in the northeast and southeast regions.However,the reality is that the straw in the study area is actually returned to the field with less nutrients.According to estimates,the proportion of nutrients in straw in the three regions accounted for 55.29%?N?,75.21%?P₂O₅?,and 76.58%?K₂O?,respectively.Among them,due to its poor comprehensive utilization level,the amount of straw nutrient returning to straw in the northeast region is the lowest,accounting for 37.7%?N?,60.28%?P₂O₅?,and 61.08%?K₂O?.Abundant straw nutrient resources are not fully utilized.?2?The main bottlenecks in the utilization of straw resource nutrients in the three major farming areas in Northeast of China,Huanghuaihai and Southeast of China region are:For the direct return of straw to the field,the lack of practical technical means and operation methods,the enthusiasm of farmers is not high;in the use of abdomen returning to the field,the combination of planting and breeding is not tight,the level of feed is low,the proportion of straw over the abdomen is small;straw is still The research and development and promotion of new technologies in the field are insufficient and need to be strengthened.Since key problems are not solved,straw burning is widespread.?3?In view of the problems existing in the utilization of straw nutrient resources in the three main farming areas of northeast of China,Huanghuaihai and Southeast of China region,the following technical countermeasures are proposed:In the process of direct returning to the field,it is necessary to determine reasonable technical means and operation methods,strengthen policy guidance,carry out propaganda work and skills training for agricultural technicians,increase subsidies,and carry out verification mechanisms from the perspectives of factors affecting crop decomposition and nutrient release;In the process of using the abdomen to return to the field,the technical level of straw feed and the level of industrialization should be improved,and the agricultural layout should be rationally planned,the combination of breeding and breeding should be promoted,and the manure of livestock and poultry should be fully utilized for returning to the field;for the new straw returning technology,increase research and development efforts and promotion efforts.