Cataloging Of Planktonic Biodiversity In Shanghai Seas And Phytoplankton In The Shellfish Discharge Area Of The Yangtze River Estuary

It is affected by climate,surface runoff and other factors to form a unique ecological environment with rich biodiversity.Species cataloging is the basis for species diversity conservation.Baseline data of Shanghai sea area background is the premise and basis for carrying out biodiversity conservation work in Shanghai sea area.In the past,researchers conducted a number of surveys in Shanghai's waters and accumulated a wealth of data.However,marine life surveys conducted in Shanghai's seas have long been independent projects.No research has systematically summarized and analyzed historical survey results.The availability of data is weak.This paper aims to provide a reliable biotype information for the basic theoretical research and biodiversity conservation of Shanghai sea area by establishing a systematic and complete catalogue of plankton species diversity in Shanghai,for the assessment and protection of biodiversity in Shanghai sea area.Provide scientific basis,provide necessary basic information for environmental impact assessment and other work,and provide support for popular marine science popularization education.In addition,the establishment of marine species catalogue is conducive to the development of marine biology,marine ecology and other disciplines.This study establishes a complete catalogue of biodiversity in Shanghai sea area through the summary of historical data such as documents,monographs,and survey reports in Shanghai sea area,as well as supplementary surveys on weak areas and blank areas.Finally,we visited and wrote to experts in related fields.Collect relevant information,correct the names of certain species,Confirmed the final catalogue of planktonic biodiversity catalogues in Shanghai and draw the following results:1.A total of 8 gates,41 orders,122 families,233 genera,and 731 species of zooplankton(including 62 species of larvae)appeared in the Yangtze River estuary.Among them,the number of arthropods is the largest,including 436 species of 11 genera,53 families,and 11 orders.Followed by the Cnidaria,including 112 species,43 families,65 genera and 10 orders.The third generation of Mollusca includes 94 species of 21 genera,9 families,3 orders.and a small number of.In addition,it includes a small number of Ctenophora,Chaetognatha,Annelida,Chordata and Noctiluca.The species and groups of zooplankton are abundant,and freshwater populations,estuarine brackish water groups,wide-temperature and wide-salt groups,and high-temperature and high-salt groups are distributed.2.A total of 51 families,97 genera and 297 species of algae appeared in Shanghai sea area.Including Diatoms,Pyrrophyta,Chrysophyta,Cyanophyta,Chlorophyta,Xanthophyta,Euglena,Cryptophyta,and Haptophyta.Diatoms and Pyrrophytas occupy an important position in phytoplankton in Shanghai.The Diatoms includes 9 orders,19 families,50 genera and 200 species,and the Pyrrophyta includes 7 orders,13 families,19 genera and 51 species.The Chlorophyta includes 2 orders,8 families,10 genera and 30 species.The remaining phytoplankton species are relatively few.There are various phytoplankton groups,which are divided into five categories: freshwater,estuarine brackish water,nearshore low salt group,open sea high salt,wide temperature and wide salt.3.Through the summary and analysis of the literature,the weak areas were screened,and the sampling points were selected in the north branch of the Yangtze River estuary for field investigation.During the investigation,a total of 228 species of phytoplankton were collected,belonging to 8 gates and 75 genera.Among them,there are 153 species of 5 genera of Diatoms,25 species of 14 genera of Chlorophyta,21 species of 11 genera of Cyanophyta,14 species of 8 genera of Pyrrophyta,2 species of 1 genera of Chrysophyta,2 species of 1 genera of Xanthophyceae,and Cryptophyta There are 2 species of the Cryptophyta 1 and 9 species of the genus 4 of the Euglenophyta.According to the results of the annual quarterly survey,there are 6 species of dominant species,including 4 species of Diatoms,1 species of Cyanophyta,and 1 species of Euglenophyta.The four seasons of Skeletonema costatum are dominant species and have the highest degree of dominance.Simultaneous analysis of nitrous oxide(NO2-N),ammonia nitrogen(NH4-N),nitrate nitrogen(NO3-N),dissolved oxygen(DO),total phosphorus(TP),total nitrogen(TN),water temperature(T),salt Environmental factors such as turbidity and suspended solids(TSS),a typical response analysis of the relationship between phytoplankton abundance and major water physicochemical factors(CCA analysis),The analysis results show that in the diatom Most species have certain similarities to the adaptability of the environment.Suspended matter and turbidity have a great influence on the condition of the floating population.Phytoplankton with higher abundance such as Skeletonema costatum and Cyclotella striata is mainly distributed in suspended matter,low turbidity or high nutrient salt.The abundance of phytoplankton was negatively correlated with suspended matter and turbidity,and positively correlated with nutrient salt.The changes of suspended solids and turbidity were the key driving factors for phytoplankton community and abundance change in the survey area,while the dissolved N and P nutrients had significant effects on cell abundance.