Evaluation Of Glacier Ecological Regulation Services Value In The Tianshan Mountains,China

Glaciers are a material component of sustainable human and socio-economic development and an irreplaceable solid water resource.Glaciers regulate river runoff and climate change through water phase transformation and energy flow processes,which in turn achieve regional ecological stability while providing a wide range of products or benefits for human society and production.Energy balance is the key link between glaciers and the climate.At present,there have been few studies on the function and value assessment of glacier ecological regulation services,and most of them are estimated by qualitative description or unit area equivalent factor method,and lack of analysis of its realization process and mechanism.The distributed energy-mass balance model of glacier surface can quantitatively describe the transformation of glacier surface energy and material quality from the perspective of physical process,thus revealing the function and value realization mechanism of glacier ecological regulation service.China's Tianshan Mountains are an important natural barrier to the ecological environment of Xinjiang and even Central Asia,and also the boundary between the climate zones of southern and northern Xinjiang.Based on the important geographical location and ecological significance of Tianshan,it was successfully listed on the World Heritage List on June 21,2013.There are many glaciers in China's Tianshan Mountains.The ice and snow meltwater in the alpine region is an important part of water resources of Xinjiang province.The changes have a profound impact on the regional ecological environment,production and life and social and economic development.For reasons,this study takes the Tianshan Glacier in China as the research object.Firstly,it analyzes the spatial and temporal distribution characteristics of glaciers based on glacial catalogue data by means of mathematical statistics and GIS spatial analysis techniques.Secondly,it uses the distributed energy-mass balance model of glacier surface to quantitatively describe the surface energy of glaciers.The simulation of material quality transformation,in order to reveal the glacier ecological regulation service function and value realization mechanism.Finally,the process model simulation value is combined with the unit area function price method to estimate the climate and hydrological regulation service function value of the glacier in the study area,and to explore its dynamic process.The main findings of this paper are as follows:(1)Based on the second glacial catalogue data,the distribution characteristics of glaciers are analyzed from four aspects:east-west span,elevation zone,each basin and all regions(states).The results showed that the total area of glaciers in Tianshan Mountains was about7250km~2,and the overall space was characterized by the distribution of“Western and East”.The western section accounts for 76%of the Tianshan glaciers,while the eastern part of the glaciers was the highest(3200m).The western section was about 2639m;the glaciers were mainly concentrated in the elevation of 3700-4700m;in terms of the distribution of glaciers in the basin,the area of glaciers in the Aksu River Basin accounts for the largest proportion,up to 42%;according to administrative division statistics,the Aksu area Most and 25%of the total area.The spatial distribution of glaciers is not only related to hydrothermal integration,but also closely related to other environmental factors such as topography.(2)Based on the distributed energy-substance balance model of the glacier surface,the surface energy and material transformation process of the glacier is analyzed,and then the evaporation/sublimation,ablation amount and heat consumption of the glacier surface in the study area are estimated.The simulation results show that the energy conversion process of glacier material in the study area mainly occurs from May to August,during which the ablation volume accounts for 89%of the whole year,and is concentrated in the elevation range of 3700-4200m;the heat consumption during the period from May to September accounts for the whole year.About 90%,concentrated in the 3700-4700m range;in July,the total evaporation/sublimation of the Tianshan Glacier area accounted for 16%of the year,concentrated in the 4700-5200m range.The spatial heterogeneity of the glacier material energy conversion process is caused by the combination of climate and geographical environment factors.(3)Combine the function price method per unit area to estimate the climate and hydrological regulation service function value of the glacier in the study area.The estimation results show that the total value of Tianshan Glacier ecological regulation service in 2010 was93.9 billion yuan,of which the hydrological regulation value accounted for 90%,and its total value was mainly characterized by“western and small east”.The service value of the western Tianshan section reached 68.574 billion yuan.The value of hydrological regulation services is mainly concentrated from April to September months,and its value can account for 50%of the total value of Tianshan in the 3700-4200m elevation range;the glaciers in the study area have the highest climate regulation value in May,accounting for 26%of the year,3700-4200m interval value accounts for 46%of the total value.The total value of glacier ecological regulation service functions is equivalent to one-fifth of the GDP of all parts of Tianshan,indicating that glacial water resources play an important and irreplaceable role in Xinjiang and its surrounding areas.Under the influence of global changes,scientific assessment of the change of glaciers is an important basis for mastering the functions of climate and hydrological regulation services.In the process of the actual operation of the model,it is necessary to consider the suitability of the model itself and the uncertainty of the model results.Due to my research level and ability,this study did't fully consider the change of monthly glacial area in the process of simulating the energy exchange and conversion of the Tianshan glaciers,which will inevitably cause the amount of ablation,heat consumption and evaporation/sublimation during the process of glacial change.The calculation bias can also further improve the objective evaluation of the glacier ecological service value by improving the accuracy of the local climate characteristics required by the meteorological driving data required by the model.