The Characteristic Of Rabies Virus Lineages In China

Rabies is one of the highest fatality rates of the zoonoses,the world approximately 59,000 people died of rabies,95%of cases occur through the diseased dog bite infection,its causative agent for rabies virus(rabies virus,RABV).China is one of the highest prevalence of rabies in the country,2007 reported cases of 3300 cases.After the State adopted comprehensive control and prevention measures,the epidemic showed a declining trend of 2011,the number of cases fell to 2000 cases,2017 reported cases of 516 cases.However,the total number of cases in the country steadily decreased,while the prevalence of rabies has been expanding,to 2015 all provinces of China have rabies cases reported,rabies control and prevention situation is not optimistic.Understanding the genetic evolution of pathogens is a key step in the control and prevention of communicable diseases.This study summarized all the RABV epidemic strains in China(GenBank,up to January 2017),established"The gene database of rabies virus in China" containing 714 strains,which covers all provinces except Hainan.By constructing N gene and phylogenetic tree,the population attribution of each strain was clarified,and the distribution characteristics of 6 RABV lineages(China I-VI)and the lineage quantity and category in different provinces and regions were analyzed,and the epidemic distribution and the spreading trend of pathogens were understood.Based on the most comprehensive pathogen data available,China I clade is still our dominant population,the number of strains accounted for 75%of the total number of endemic strains in China,the distribution range has been spread from 19 provinces before 2013 to 25 provinces,not only through the North and south,and has spread to the northeast of Liaoning and Gansu,Ningxia,and it is likely to continue to spread east to west.Recently,China III clade has been prevalent in the wild animals in Inner Mongolia and Xinjiangand then has spilled into domestic animals.China IV is a popular clade of Qinghai and Tibet,which has recently reported rabies cases and is popular in the wild animals in Inner Mongolia and Heilongjiang.Yunnan and Hunan are the most abundant provinces in mainland China,and there are 4 types of population.6 provinces in Henan,Fujian,Guizhou,Guangxi,Ningxia and Inner Mongolia are both popular at the same time,there are two species coexisting in the east of Shanghai,Jiangsu,Zhejiang,Shandong,Anhui,Jiangxi,Chongqing and Jilin 8 provinces.Beijing,Tianjin,Hebei,Shanxi,Shaanxi,Gansu,Sichuan,Xinjiang,Qinghai,Tibet,Liaoning,Heilongjiang,Hubei and Guangdong Province,14 provinces,at present only to monitor the prevalence of a single population.The establishment of population types and epidemic characteristics of RABV not only facilitates the dynamic monitoring of the molecular level of pathogens but also facilitates the timely identification of new populations.2017,the Tibet border reported 1 cases of rabies cases of brain tissue specimens tested positive,according to the genome sequencing,the new strains were not one of the 6 populations in China,but belonged to the "Indian subcontinent ",mainly in India and Nepal(Indian Subcontinent),and is closely related to the Nepalese strains near the border with Nepal.This clade of strains was first monitored in China and became a new species prevalent in our country,named China VII clade.In combination with the case being bitten by a local stray dog,the emergence of a new population is most likely the result of the spread of Nepal's strains across the border through the host dog.In addition,in our country in full control of canine rabies at the same time,wildlife rabies has become increasingly serious in recent years.In Inner Mongolia,there are three major strains of rabies in dogs and wild animals,such as China I,China III and China IV,which are closely adjacent to Mongolia and Russia,and the geographical distribution of the vast western regions in the West,and these populations are newly in Ningxia,Gansu,Xinjiang,Qinghai,Tibet appeared in the popular background,speculated that Inner Mongolia may have become China's rabies,especially wildlife,the spread of new foci of rabies,and may further affect the development of rabies epidemic in the west,therefore,Inner Mongolia should be the current priority of prevention and control of rabies area.The above results suggest that only in the nationwide implementation of dog management and immunization can fundamentally control the spread and spread of the epidemic,but also strengthen the monitoring and management of border animals to prevent the importation of new pathogens abroad.Wild Animal rabies surveillance also needs attention and strengthens,from the source control the rabies multiplication and dissemination,for our country really realizes the elimination rabies goal to lay the solid foundation.