Dynamic Pricing Strategy In Electric Vehicle Public Charging Station Network

Although electric vehicles(EVs)keep proliferating rapidly,there are still concerns on users' purchasing EV due to limited battery capacity and the inconvenience of charg-ing.In order to promote the popularization of EV,the municipal governments in China have vigorously promoted the construction of urban charging infrastructure while they give subsidies for purchasing EV.After several years of development,the public charg-ing station network in Beijing has begun to take shape,and the number of charging pile in Beijing has been more than most cities in China.However,through the data analysis in the official electric vehicle public service platform in Beijing,we found the current utilization of public charging station network in Beijing is generally low,moreover,the utilization has unevenly temporal and spatial distribution.Besides,Beijing released the limit for the price of charging service for public charging pile in April 201 8.Therefore,we expect to guide the EV drivers' charging behavior by adj usting the charging service price to increase the utilization of public charging station network.This paper focus on the application of dynamic pricing strategy in public charging station network.Firstly,we illustrate the usage of thr public charging station network in Beijing by data analysis,and we analyze the problem of charging demand allocation whose objective is minimizing the average waiting time of EV drivers with the prob-ability theory and queuing theory.Then.based on the theoretical analysis,a complete dynamic pricing system is proposed,and some requirements about actually applying the system are considered.In the dynamic pricing system,we propose a satisfactory function for EV driver to select public charging station.Finally,we evaluate the dy-namic pricing system in a selected area in Bei.jing,and the real usage data of public charging station in Beijing is combined with our simulation experiment.Experimental results demonstrate that ocur dynamic pricing system can decrease the EV drivers' aver-age waiting t,ime by 21.1%,and increase the average usage time of the public charging station network by 23.3%.Therefore,the dynamic pricing strategy can make the charg-ing demand allocation more reasonable and improve the user satisfaction.Besides,we discuss the pricing competition problem in the public charging station network with the multi-leader-multi-follower Stackelberg model,and propose the pricing competition al-gorithm to obtain the Nash equilibrium point with the previous work.Then we evaluate the algorithm with simulation experiment.