Study On The Origin Of Cells In China

The study of cell origin is an important part of the study of the origin of life and an important basic theoretical issue in biology.In the 1960s,Mao Zedong once said that"the origin of cells should be studied." To this end,the state organized a special team to study this issue and invested a lot of time and resources.However,due to various reasons,China's achievements in this regard are not great,and the reasons for this are worth summarizing.In addition,from the perspective of the history of science,the research on the subject of cell origin in China is still in the blank.This paper studies the evolution of cell origin research in China by using the methods of examining archival materials,interviewing scientists,and analyzing literature.Starting from the main scientific work of the three characters,they are the"New Cytology" of the Soviet Union's Olga Lepeshinskaya,the "cell reconstruction theory"of Bei Shizhang,and the study of the origin of eukaryotic cells by Li Jingyan.There is a close connection between them.The earliest cell origin study of Bei began with the discovery of Chirocephalus-intersexen in 1932,followed by 70 years of research,and finally he proposed the theory of cell remodeling.Then the new cytology of the Soviet scientist Lepesinskaya was introduced into China as part of the movement to "comprehensively learn from the Soviet Union." This research had an impact on Bei's cell reconstitution and the study of the origin of eukaryotic cells by Li Jingyan.This article mainly includes the following three parts:One is the spread of Lepesinskaya's "New Cytology " in China.Firstly,it briefly introduces the main content of "New Cell Theory" and its rise and fall in the Soviet Union;then it focuses on the process of the spread of Lepeshinskaya's "study"in China,and the influence of this doctrine on Chinese scientific research,as well as criticisms by Wu Zhaofa and others.Finally,I will make some reflections caused by this phenomenon.The second is the development of Bei Shizhang's "cell reconstruction theory."Firstly,combined with historical data,the research process of the whole cell reconstruction theory was analyzed in detail.Secondly,the relationship between this theory and the New Cytology was analyzed.Finally,the attitudes of different scholars in this academic theory were discussed.Upon close examination,it was found that the research process of this theory was not smooth,and there were objections and criticisms in the middle.In addition,there are still many doubts about the research results of this theory.The experimental evidence lacks scientific persuasiveness and has not been recognized by the academic community.For the question of whether cells can also be formed by non-cellular substances in today's world,the scientific community's unremitting efforts are still needed.The third is Li Jingyan's research on the origin of eukaryotic cells.The production of eukaryotic cells is a significant event in the history of biological evolution*.Li Jingyan spent several years of precious time obsessed with the"New Cytology" but fortunately he corrected the mistakes in time and re-established a new research direction,namely the origin of eukaryotic cells.In chronological order,his research on the origin of eukaryotic cells is mainly divided into three stages:First,during the Cultural Revolution,relying on the characteristics of evolutionary biology to conduct theoretical research on a large number of international scientific achievements;second,during the era of reform and opening up,he combined the theoretical thinking of evolutionary biology with the experimental methods of cell biology,and the third is that after he retired in 1996 he went to the United States to study again evolutionary biology.The results he has achieved have been recognized and praised by scholars at home and abroad.He also first proposed the new discipline of "evolutionary cell biology"in China,and was called "the biologist who studies the origin of eukaryotic cells in China,the domestic 'evolutionary molecular biology' and 'evolutionary molecular biology'Advocate."In the 1950s,Bei Shizhang and Li Jingyan were both followers of Lepeshinskaya.In the atmosphere of the country worshipping the Soviet Union and learning from the Soviet Union at the time,this attitude of the two was understandable.However,when Lepeshinskayas "study" was denied by both domestic and foreign scholars,the two had opposite attitudes.Bei Shizhang insisted on his own opinion and continued to follow the road he and Lepeshinskaya jointly created.As a result,his method was wrong,and it was impossible to succeed,and his work in this area has not been recognized by his peers.Li Jingyan changed his course,and he was brave enough to correct his mistakes and achieve important results one after another.