| 1.The population distribution and niche separation of wintering Anseriformes were studied in three reclamation areas of Poyang lake（Wuxing reclamation site,Henghu reclamation site and Kangshan reclamation site）from October 2017 to March 2018 and October 2018 to December 2018.The results are as follows:（1）Population number and distributionA total of 9 species of 23,563 individuals belonging to Anseriformes were recorded in three reclamation areas of Poyang lake.Of these species,tundra swans（Cygnus columbianus）and white-fronted gooses（Anser albifrons）were listed as ClassⅡnational protected species.Swan goose（Anser cygnoides）,tundra swans and bean goose were dominant species in our study area.（2）Niche widthIn different regions,the niche of the swan goose and tundra swans was relatively wide,and in terms of habitat selection,the niche of the swan goose and tundra swans was large,so these species can inhabit in different habitats.Swan goose and Spot-billed Duck（Anas poecilorhyncha）can make full use of six different habitats,and tundra swans can make use of five habitats,so they had a wider choice of habitats and stronger adaptability.（3）Niche overlapThe main habitats of 9 species of Anseriformes include shallow water,grassland and mudflat,indicating that each wild goose and duck species had relatively high niche overlap for these three habitats,which brings inter-specific competition to a large extent.2.From December 2016 to March 2017,the time budget and daily behavior rhythms of tundra swans（Cygnus columbianus）were studied in Wuxing reclamation of Poyang lake.The results were as follows:（1）Time budgetMain behaviors included resting（45.93%）、feeding（30.52%）、moving（12.41%）and grooming（7.71%）.Adult locomotion,flying and vigilance behaviors were significantly higher than that for subadults.The locomotion budget at temperatures of 10–15?C was significantly higher than that for other temperature ranges.Shallow water grooming behavior was significantly higher than that in deeper water.（2）Behavioral rhythmsOf daily behavioral rhythms,small resting peaks occurred from 7:00–7:59 and13:00–13:59,with troughs between 9:00 and 9:59,and 17:00 and 17:59.Resting behavior was high in each period,suggesting a survival strategy dominated by resting.Feeding peak occurred between 17:00 and 17:59,with no obvious trough,possibly to gain energy to compensate for overnight consumption by increasing evening feeding time.Adult resting curve fluctuations were less than those of subadults,indicating subadult resting was more random,and that adult feeding curve fluctuations was less than those of subadults,indicating adult feeding was stable,with an evening peak to deal with cooler conditions.Fluctuations in feeding and resting curves were less in deep water areas,indicating deeper waters were more suitable for bird survival.3.From December 2016 to February 2017 and from December 2017 to March 2018,transient scanning method and focus animal sampling was used to observe the wintering behaviors of medium and small swans and swan geese in the lotus field of five star reclamation farm in Poyang lake reclamation area.The results were as follows:（1）Energy expenditureOur results showed that the energy expenditure of foraging(Tundra swan:354.1 KJ·d-1;Swan goose:144.88 KJ·d-1),resting(275.22 KJ·d-1;164.35 KJ·d-1)and locomotion(219.79KJ·d-1;299.22 KJ·d-1)were large for both Tundra swan and Swan goose.The energy expenditure of the foraging behavior and total energy expenditure for Tundra swan was significantly higher than Swan goose.The energy expenditure was not significant different for the Tundra swan and Swan goose in a day.（2）Foraging behaviorTundra swan mainly used feeding way from the water surface and dipping with head-neck submersed.Swan goose used feeding way from the water surface and digging food.This is related to the water depth,food composition and their own morphology.Tundra swan and Swan goose have different foraging methods and foraging water depth to decrease the interspecific competition. |
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