Effects Of Mulching And Applied Organic Materails With Hole On Apple Growth And Soil Salinity In Saline-Alkali Land

The Malus Pumila Mill.Var.'hongqiuwang' are used as the test material with the treatments by covering agricultural carpet,bacterial slag,straw,and rice husk processing.The yield,quality,shoot growth,pH,conductivity and water-soluble salt content of different soil layers were investigated for two consecutive years.The yield,quality and shoot growth of apple were investigated by using 'hongqiuwang'and 'Yanfu No.6' as the test materials.The effects of different mulching treatments and deep organic treatment for perforation on apple growth and soi-l ion status in salt and alkali orchard were discussed.The results were as follows:1.Saline-alkaline apple orchards cover agricultural carpets,straw omakomai,rice husks,and bacterial slag have all increased the thickness and length of the new shoots of the mid-ripe apple 'Zhongqiuwang',among which the agricultural carpets cover has increased the growth of the apple trees.Chlorophyll content did not change significantly.In the two years of investigation,all four kinds of mulches had different effects on the yield,high quality fruit rate and single fruit weight of mid-ripened apples,among which the mulch of straw and rice husk increased the single fruit weight,yield and high quality fruit rate.The apple sugar covering straw cover is higher and the acid content is reduced.2.Covering agricultural carpets,bacterial residues,straw cover and rice husks all reduced the pH of the soil in the 0-20cm layer,and the soil pH in the 20-40cm layer increased.The most significant decline in the spring pH of soil covered with bacterial residue is the fall decline of the pH of the soil surface(0-20cm)covered by rice husks and bacterial slag.The total salt content in Orchard soil was reduced by covering agricultural carpet,scleroderma,straw cover and rice husk,especially in 20-40cm soil.3.In the spring,the calcium content of the soil surface covered with other mulching treatments was reduced except for the mulching of straw;The content of magnesium ions in the soil layer is relatively reduced by covering the rice husk with other mulches,and the cover of agricultural carpets,bacterial slag,and straw cover will cause the soil to accumulate a large amount of magnesium salt;The content of soil sodium ions in the soil layer of 0-20cm and 20-40cm was high.The concentration of potassium in soil surface layer treated with agricultural carpet was high,and the decrease of potassium in 20-40cm soil layer treated with rice husk was the largest.The concentration of chloride in soil surface layer covered with rice husk and straw mulch was decreased,and the treatment of bacterial residue was increased.The soil chlorine concentration in the 20-40cm soil layer covered with rice husk was increased the most.The amount of sulphuric acid in soil covered by bacterial slag decreased greatly,and the amount of sulphuric acid ions increased greatly in surface soil treated with straw cover.The concentration of bicarbonate on soil surface covered with bacterial residue,rice husk and straw cover increased.4.In autumn,the surface soil sodium ion content of straw cover treatment was higher;The soil potassium concentration of 0-20cm in the apple orchard covered by rice husk decreased the most,and the soil potassium ions of straw cover treatment increased.The soil potassium concentration of 20-40cm soil layer was the lowest in rice husk treatment.The content of chloride ions in the 0-20cm soil layer covered with agricultural carpets increased,while the soil chloride ions in the depth of 20-40 cm decreased.The content of sulphuric acid in 20-40cm soil treated by rice husk and agricultural carpet decreased greatly.5.Under the cover of rice husk,deep drilling of rice husk,bacterial residue and its mixture treatment are all conducive to the growth of new shoots in the year of'Zhongqiuwang' and ' Yanfu No.6',which has improved the yield,single fruit weight and high quality fruit rate of the mid-ripe apple 'Zhongqiuwang'.The acidity of 50%mixture treatment of rice husk and bacterial residue decreased significantly,the glycolic acid ratio was highest,and the apple sugar content of bacterial residue treatment increased the most.The hardness of late ripe'anfu No.6' apple varieties treated with rice husk,bacterial residue and its mixture were reduced,while the sugar degree and acidity were increased.Among them,the saccharinity of bacterial residue was the highest.6.When the slag was covered,the effect of deep drilling of different organic substances on the growth of new shoots of' Yanfu No.6' apple was not obvious;However,the production of 'Yanfu No.6' apple was increased,in which the increase of bacterial residue and mixed treatment was greater;The yield of' Yanfu No.6' high quality fruit treated with rice husk and bacterial residue increased.The hardness of late ripe'arifu No.6' apple varieties treated with rice husk and bacterial residue was reduced,and the sugar degree and acidity were increased.The hardness and sugar of 'Yanfu No.6' apple were increased.