| The current design standards for residential areas in China require that at least one window in each house have sunshine on the winter solstice day or the cold day,but there is no standard consideration of the outdoor environment needs in the residential area.Under this premise,this paper studies how to design a comfortable outdoor environment for small climates.From the angle of human heat balance,it can be divided into two types: the effect of solar radiation on the field and the effect of the change of air temperature on the human body and the direct effect of solar radiation on the human body.The solar radiation acts on the site,heating the air temperature by absorbing the radiation on the ground,and the temperature is acting on the human body again.The variables affecting the air heated by the interface include the amount of radiation reaching the ground and the heat exchange strength of the ground material and the air.The amount of radiation reaching the ground is influenced by the building shape,the layout,the greening method and the surface absorption rate,and the heat exchange strength of the air is influenced by the physical properties of the material itself;Solar radiation acts on the human body to increase the heat gained by the human body,and the heat that the human body receives is mainly affected by the sunshine duration.Based on the above process analysis,this paper classifies the urban residential area of Xi'an with the leading factors affecting the ground solar radiation in the residential area,and makes a stratified sampling survey to establish a typical group model that can represent the outdoor environment of the urban residential area in Xi'an.On this basis,the representative of the canyon group space type resident representative in the typical group group is analyzed in winter and summer,the main heating surface in winter and summer is analyzed,and the ways of heat exchange and the physical properties of the material are compared and compared.Using the body sense comfort record of the humanbody in the last three years and the direct radiation of the sun to find out the body feel comfortable solar radiation range,the time period of effective shadow and effective radiation is set up in winter and summer in Xi'an area.According to the time range,the designers arrange the outdoor outdoor activities in this time range.In the direct sunlight area,the summer active sites are arranged in the shadow of the building or in the shadow of the plant outside the period of the period,and the more comfortable microclimate environment can be obtained.This will guide the design of outdoor sports venues in winter and summer.Based on the above research contents,the following three conclusions are obtained:1)Xi'an urban residential district group,according to the outdoor site form can be divided into panel type multi-layer Canyon group,panel type small high-rise Canyon group,panel high rise Canyon group,point type high-rise East West peak valley group,point type high-rise north south to peak valley group and point type high level peak valley group.2)the pattern of outdoor geothermal process can be divided into wall heating mode,ground heating mode and shadow mode.The ground heating mode plays a leading role in summer,and the heating mode of the wall plays a leading role in winter.The absorption and regenerative coefficient of the surface material have a great influence on the material input to the air heat rate.The way of heating the air on the working face has a certain influence on the temperature at the height of 1.5 meters.3)the sun direct radiation range of human body feeling comfortable in Xi'an area is about 38.2-249W/m2,and the effective shading time of summer begins at 9-10 am,and the effective solar radiation in winter is after 10 am. |
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