The Effect Of Konjac Mannose Oligosaccharides And Phaseolus Vulgaris Phytohaemagglutinin On Learning And Memory,and Emotion Related Neurobehaviors In Mice

Konjac mannose oligosaccharides(KMOS)is an important prebiotic that can improve the intestinal microecology and promote health.But it is unknown whether it play a role in central nervous function.Present work investigated the effect of KMOS on neurobehaviores,visceral indexes and intestinal villi morphology.Fifty male adult KM mice,were divided into 5 groups,and were respectively feed with KMOS(0,650,1400,3000,or 6500 mg/kg)for 30 d.Then animals were trained and tested by behavioral tasks in sequence(open-field,elevated plus-maze,passive avoidance,Morris water maze,forced swimming).After the behavioral task,the animals were killed and brain,intestine,spleen and thymus were taken out for histological examination or organ index measurements.Results showed that,the central region or open-arm entries of 3000 mg/kg group were significantly increased(vs.control)in open-field and elevated plus-maze task.The neuronal density of hippocampal CA3 in the ventral hippocampus of each KMOS groups were increased significantly(vs.control).The diameter and height of the ileum villi in 6500 mg/kg group increased significantly(vs.control).The spleen index of each KMOS dose group was significantly higher than that of the control group.These results suggest that,KMOS can reduce the anxious-like behavior,increase the density of CA3 neurons in the ventral hippocampus and improve the morphology of intestinal villi in mice.KMOS improved the central area(open field)or open-arms(elevated plus maze)entry times and intestinal villi morphology.In this experiment,the important finding is that the KMOS have some antidepressive-like effect on KM mice.Red kidney bean phytohemagglutinin(PHA)can stimulate the body to produce neuroleukin(NLK).NLK can promote neural development,axon growth/regeneration and neuron survival.However,it is unknown whether PHA can affect learning and memory and emotion-related behavior in mice.Memory impairment model of mice was constructed by sodium nitrite and d-galactose combined treatment(subcutaneously).The dosage of sodium nitrite was 90 mg/kg,d-galactose 120 mg/kg,and 40 days for treatment.Sixty adult female KM mice,were divided into six groups,including control,model,piracetam(Pira)group(500 mg/kg),and 3 PHA treatment(PHA50,PHA150 ans PHA450)groups,respectively by 50,150 or 450 mg/kg(PHA).The Pira and PHA treatment group began to feed the drugs for a total of 30 d after 10 d of model making.Results:(1)open field test: Grooming frequency in model group was significantly decreased(vs.control),but PHA and Pira treatment had no significant effect(vs.model).(2)Morris maze: In test phase,the platform area crossing times of model group were slightly lower than those in the control,but the crossing times could be significantly increased by Pira,50 or 150 mg/kg PHA treatment(vs.model).(3)Elevated plus-maze: PHA50 group spent longer time in the open arm than model and control.(4)Exhaustive experiments: PHA50 and PHA150 can significantly prolong the time of exhaustion(vs.control).(5)Hemorrhage experiment: Compared with control group and model group,the haemorrhage time of PHA50 group was significantly shortened.These results suggest that PHA could improve spatial memory of KM mouse memory impairment model,and has certain anti-anxiety,endurance and coagulation promotion effect.