Nanometer Yttrium Oxide Can Induce Fully Autophagy And Vacuolation And Also Promote TFEB Translocation

In recent years,many reports have documented that the fact such as the lack of nutrition,lysosomal pressure can induce TFEB(transfer factor EB)translocated into the nucleus from the cytoplasm,while the related reports whether nanopaticles can cause the TFEB translocated to the cytoplasm is rare.Only one article reported that one nanopaticles which called quantum dots can promote TFEB to the nucleus.We suspect weather the translocated of TFEB from the cytoplasm to the nucleus is a common phenomenon after induced by the nanopaticles just like autophagy is a common phenomenon of nanopaticles.Then we test all nanopaticles in our lab,including C60,yttrium oxide nanopaticles(Y2O3),gold nanopaticles,ytterbium oxide nanopaticles,silica nanopaticles(SiO2),light emitting materials(UCN),and transformation in the cerium oxide,erbium oxide and a series of rare earth mental oxide.Yttrium oxide is a kind of white,slightly yellow powder and mainly used in the microwave using magnetic materials and military industry,weather it can induce autophagy,vacuolization and TFEB translocated has not been reported.According to our experiment,Yttrium oxide can induce fully cell autophagy,and it can also cause cell vacuolization and TFEB translocated to the nucleus.Former research shows that rare earth metal oxide can cause autophagy and vacuoles in cells,but the autophagy inhibitors can inhibit autophagy but could not restrain vacuolization,it proves that these two biology effect have two relatively independent biological processes.With the help of fluorescence microscope we observed that Y2O3nanoparticles can cause fluorescent points gathered together in the EGFP-LC3/Heal and t this certificate that,Y2O3 nanoparticles can lead to the increase of autophagy in the cell,and with the time goes on,the amount of LC3-II and P62 are increased which testify that the treatment of Y2O3 nanoparticles enhanced cell autophagy,and cause fully cell autophagy.In addition,we also use bafilomycin A1(the autophagy degradation downstream blocker)to further testing the integrity of autophagy induced by Y2O3nanoparticles,we got the result that the dispose of Y2O3 increase the number of LC3-II and the co-processing of Y2O3 and BFA caused a further increases the LC3-II which proved that the autophagy which caused by Y2O3 is occurred by promoting the generation of upstream autophagy bubble.Y2O3 can also generate the appearances of vacuolization,Then weuse the lamp 1 protein that tagged with red fluorspar as a marker of lysosome protein,combined with the specificity dye of the lysosome LysoTracker Red(LT)and with the help of the fluorescence microscope,we find the vacuole generated in the cell is the lysosome.Under the detection of neutral red and lysosensor,we learn that the lysosome vacuole caused by yttrium oxide nanoparticles inside the cell is become alkaline.The vacuolization could be effectively inhibited by endocytosis inh ibitor treatment.,and this proved that the Y2O3 get into the cell by giant pinocytosis,We also find,most of the cells that TFEB translocated to the cytoplasm are vacuolization,We can rarely observed TFEB translocation in those none capitation cells.After the dispose of endocytosis inhibitor,the percentage of the cells whose TFEB translocation has reduced greatly.This proves that yttrium oxide nanoparticles in lysosome cavity have a certain relationship with TFEB translocation.In general,this may yttrium oxide processing lead to capitation in cells and capitation cause TFEB into nuclear and at last enhance cell autophagy.