Genomics Study Of The Ancient Population At The Quan'ergou Site In The East Tianshan Mountains Of Xinjiang

During the first millennium BC,early nomadic tribes began to appear in the eastern Tianshan Mountains in Xinjiang.To investigate the genetic composition and genetic histories of the nomadic population in the region,the ancient specimens excavated from the Quan Ergou site in the East Tianshan Mountains of Xinjiang were studied.Sixteen samples were collected and their genome sequences were determined by the shotgun method.We successfully obtained 19 samples of genome-wide information,including mtDNA genome-wide information.We have 13 haplogroups such as A6,Z4a1,B4c1a,F2f,D4b2,M9alalb,M13a1,M8a1,D4o,D4j,B4clc1,D5a2a1b,and Rlb1.The above haplogroups belong to the Eastern Pedigree of Eurasia except Rlb1The endogenous content of nuclear genome information of 19 samples was between 2%and 79.66%,and the average coverage was between 0.0128× and 1.0162×.In gender analysis,we detected 10 males and 9 females.Our principal component analysis(PCA)using autosomal SNPs showed that the ancient population of Quan'ergou had a closer genetic relationship with the modern Uygur population and the Central Asian population.In addition,there is a close genetic relationship between the population of Quan'ergou population and the population of Hami Tianshan North Road in the Bronze Age in the East Tianshan area,indicating that the genetics of the ancient population in the East Tianshan region have certain genetic stability and continuity.Through the f3 test analysis methods,a comparative analysis of the Quan'ergou population and modern humans found that the Quan'ergou population shared more alleles with the modern European population in the southwestern region and the Tujia and She people in East Asia.Compared with the ancient Eurasia population,we found that the ancient population of Quan'ergou had the genetic components of Iranian farmers and European hunters.We used genomic data to analyze the kinship of Quan'ergou samples and detected two independent families.We speculated that this cemetery may be dominated by family tombs,revealing the burial customs of ancient nomads in the East Tianshan Mountains.In summary,the research content of this paper provides strong genetic evidence for revealing the origin,genetic composition and burial customs of ancient nomads in the East Tianshan Mountains of Xinjiang.