Composition Of Hydropotes Inermis Digestive Tract Microbes And Salt Effects On Its Feces Microbes

Hydropotes inermis,also known as the Chinese water Hydropotes inermis,hair Hydropotes inermis,teeth Hydropotes inermis,belongs to the Cervidae,Artiodactyla.The Hydropotes inermis listed as a second-class national protected wild animal.In 2009,Chinese Hydropotes inermis has been vulnerable level of the IUCN red list.During last century,the Hydropotes inermis has been extinct.With the development of the minimum population quantity project,the Hydropotes inermis population has beginning to be restored in Shanghai area.The study of the digestive tract microbes of the Hydropotes inermis helps to understand the specific situation of the digestive tract microbes of the Hydropotes inermis and analyze its function,but also to know the changes of the microbes of the Hydropotes inermis.In addition,according to domestic and foreign related reports,the Artiodactyla of herbaceous animals often have the habit of licking salt.Therefore,we carried out the salt supplement experiments to know the effect of salt on the digestive tract microbes of Hydropotes inermis by monitoring its fecal microbes.It can provide the theoretical basis for promoting the healthy reproduction of Hydropotes inermis in Shanghai.In this study,from June 2015 to December 2016,the samples of digestive tract contents obtained from the following three locations:Pearl Lake Park,Songjiang Punan Forest Land,Pudong and Huaxia Park.Respectively,we got the three natural dead individuals of the herbivorous adult Hydropotes inermis,two half-planted,half-feed Hydropotes inermis and two young Hydropotes inermis.During the July to Augest in 2016,we designed exact salt supplement experiments and got feces samples 62 copies in the Shanghai Zoo.We got 12 samples of no salt supplement experiment from the 45 half-planted and half-feed Hydropotes inermis in Songjiang Punan Forest Land.Then the microbiological DNA in the intestine and feces extracted by using the fecal microbial extraction reagent and made high throughput.The main research results are as follows:1.Digestive tract and feces can be measured more than 1%microbes about 16 phyla.Digestive tract accounted for 9 phyla,104 genera.The feces accounted for 16 phyla,148 genera.The feces contain all the phylum level microbes in the digestive tract.Digestive tract and fecal dominant bacteria are Firmicutes.2.We got the following conclusion of microbial diversity in the digestive tract through using multiple comparison method without regard to the distinctions among the sources of food.The appendix tract of microbial diversity has significant difference with the stomach tract(P= 0.049)and the intestine tract(P=0.045).There were no significant differences between the other sections.Digestive tract microbial diversity sorted:ileum>cecum>colon>stomach>duodenum.3.Plant feeding was significant difference with half-plant and half-feeding in the microbial diversity of the digestive tract by one-way anova(P =0.039).Young Hydropotes inermis was significantly different with plant feeding in the digestive tract microbes(P=0.027),but not significantly different with half-plant and half-feeding.The digestive tract of microbial diversity was the maximal in the plant feeding,and the Shannon index was 2.33±0.24.The digestive tract of microbial diversity was lower in the half-plant and half-feeding,and shannon index was 1.7±0.19.The digestive tract of microbial diversity was the minimum among young Hydropotes inermis,and shannon index was 1.65 ± 0.12.Its microbial of community composition was single and the resistance was poor.Different diets of microbe diversity sorted:Plant feeding>half-plant and half-feeding>young Hydropotes inermis.s4.In the salt supplement experiments,the four new microorganisms in the feces were Acidobacteria,WCHB1-6,Chlorobi and Nitrospirae,and microorganisms of 55 genera were new.Most of these microbes,after stopping the salt supplement,will disappear except for ninemicrobes.Before and after the salt supplements,the dominant microbes did not change,but the individual dominant bacteria slightly changed.We used one-way anova method to compare the feces of microbial diversity during salt supplement and stoping salt supplement.There was significant differences(P = 0.018)between during salt supplement and stoping salt supplement.The order of microbial diversity is:salt supplementation individual>no salt supplement individual>stoping salt supplement individual.The results of microbiological detection of half-plant and half-feeding Hydropotes inermis following:There was a significant difference(P = 0.041)between the before and after the salt supplement,but the microbiological diversities of internal group were not distinct each other.The order of microbial diversity is:salt supplementation individual>no salt supplement individual.5.For the linear regression test about percentage of Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes,the difference was significant(P = 0·000,Pearson's correlation coefficient was-5.78,taking 5-7 days as one cycle).Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes have a negative correlation.