Study On The Mineralogy Of Basalts In Mare Serenitatis

The Mare was formed from large circular basins or lowland which is filled with large volcanic lava flows.Mare basalt covers～17%of the lunar surface,occupy about 1%of the total volume of the lunar crust.Mineral composition of mare basalt reflects chemical composition of Magma source and rock’s formation environment,which is significance for the study of the lunar thermal history.In addition,obtaining the distribution of basalt mineral is helpful for us to make decision about future construction of the lunar base and utilization of the lunar resources.In the 1960s and 1970s,lunar samples were successfully acquired from both Apollo projection and Luna projection.However,the number of samples and the sampling point distribution were limited.Remote sensing technology is currently the main means for obtaining the composition and distribution of mineral composition.The mineral composition of lunar basalts reflects the composition of the mantle sources and their crystallization.Understanding the mineral composition of lunar basalts is important for comprehending the lunar magmatic evolution.In this paper,Mare Serenitatis was mapped and characterized into 55 basalt units using the multi-source remote sensing data such as topography and element abundance.Then,divide 55 basalt units into 6 groups named G1-G6.Based on the Moon Mineralogy Mapper(M3)hyperspectral data,we extracted 84 spectra of fresh craters.Spectral parameters such as absorption centers and absorption band area ratios were obtained through data processing.The results show that the mafic minerals in Mare Serenitatis are dominated by high-calcium clinopyroxene.The eastern and western parts of Mare Serenitatis have higher olivine/pyroxene ratios than the middle part.From the east and west to the middle region,the proportion of olivine/pyroxene gradually decreases.The 1000 nm absorption center of the G6 group is higher than that of the surrounding geological units,and the BAR value is lower than that of the surrounding geological units.The spectrum of the S51 may be affected by the impact sputters from the Bessel crater,and the remaining four units(S26、S49、S52 and S55)may be subject to mixed contamination of volcanic debris.