| With the acceleration of urbanization,noise and artificial light are increasing,with profound impacts on the activities of birds in city.A large number of studies have shown that the noise environment interferes with bird recognition of sound signals,which seriously limits the intraspecific and interspecific information exchange among songbirds such as the Zebra Finch(Taenopygia guttata),Great Tit(Parus major)and Grey Vireo(Vireo vicinior).The long photoperiod significantly increases the content of the bird cortical ketone hormone,prolongs the duration of feeding and laying eggs for birds.Night light stimulation significantly increased the feeding time of birds,prolonged the duration of bird singing and changed the selection of bird nest sites.In order to investigate the effect of noise environment and noise intensity on the sound of male Java Sparrows,I compared the changes and regulation of bird song in male Java Sparrows in white noise environment,pink noise environment,and pink noise environment of different intensities.Results from this work will help identify the adaptation mechanisms of Java Sparrows to noise environments and improve our ability to predict the adaptation of bird species to noise environments.With the aim to explore the effects of different photoperiod and light stimulation on the behavior and physiological conditions of birds,I compared the changes of the behavior,corticohormone and serum protein under three different photoperiods and 72 h photostimulation.The results would be helpful for exploring the physiological adaptation mechanism of light stimulation and photoperiod change in birds.The results are as follows:(1)The 45 dB white noise significant increased the highest and the lowest frequency of the call;the highest frequency,the frequency width and duration of singing of Java Sparrow were significant increased after 45 dB white noise treatment.(2)The effects of 45 dB pink noise significant increased the duration of singing of male Java Sparrows.(3)The change of the highest frequency of male Java Sparrows in white noise environment was significantly higher than that in pink noise environment.(4)Compared with the quiet noise(33dB),Java Sparrows increased the duration and maximum frequency of song significantly in the middle(70dB)and high noise(85dB).Moreover,the Java Sparrows significantly increased the highest frequency of the song in the high noise.The minimum frequency of singing was significantly reduced in low noise.(5)The changes of photoperiod directly affected the behavior of male Java Sparrows.In the long photoperiod,the feeding,pluming,and activities of birds were significantly higher than those of the short photoperiod,but the behavior in the nest was opposite.Light stimulation(72 h,550 lux)had no significant effect on the daily activities of the birds.(6)Photoperiod and light stimulation significantly increased corticosterone content in serum of male Java Sparrows.When long photoperiod became short photoperiod,the content of corticosterone decreased at first and then increased.At long and short photoperiod,the content of corticosterone were significantly decreased by light stimulation.However,under the medium photoperiod,the content of corticosterone was significantly increased by light stimulation.(7)The composition of serum proteins in ?-globulin region,?-globulin region and ?-globulin region were different under three photoperiod conditions: under the condition of long photoperiod,the number of ?-globulin bands in the light stimulated group were lower than that in the control group,while in the middle photoperiod group,the number of ?-globulin bands in the light stimulation group was contrary to that of the control group;In the medium photoperiod group,the number of ?-globulin bands in the light stimulated group was lower than that in the control group,while in the short photoperiod group,the number of ?-globulin bands in the light stimulation group was contrary to that of the control group.The results showed that the Java Sparrows had different adaptive strategies in environments with different types and intensities of noise.It is helpful for us to understand its adaptation mechanism in noisy environment.Photoperiod significantly affected the daily activities of male Java Sparrows,the content of corticosterone and the distribution of serum protein,which indicated that the changes of photoperiod had a great influence on the activities of birds.However,light stimulation(72 h,550 lux)had no significant effect on the daily activities of Java Sparrows,but it affected the content of corticosterone and the distribution of serum protein,which indicated that light stimulation was more likely to affect the physiological status of male Java Sparrow. |
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