The Status,Characteristic Of Human-Tibetan Brown Bear Conflicts In Qinghai Province And Molecular Method For The Identification Of Brown Bear

Human-wildlife Conflicts can cause the great financial losses and casualtiesof human beings,and also are not beneficial for the protection of wild animals.Tibetan brown bears are mainly distributed in Western China.Their interactions with local inhabitants reflect typical characteristics of the conflicts between large carnivores and human beings.We analyzed a total of 172 cases of human-Tibetan brown bear conflicts in Qinghai province from 2012 to 2015,and meanwhile interviewed 86 local herdsmen,aiming to understand the current situation of human-Tibetan brown bear conflict,grasp the traits and rules of conflicts,and discuss the internal reasons of them.At present,investigators can't judge if the damageanimalis brown bear in some sites of human-wildlife conflict.Therefore,the paper established a specific identification method.We use faeces and hair as research material,based on the basic PCR technology and laboratory equipment.The operation is simple,and suitable formost labs.Themethod make accurate judgment accurately for suspected human-Tibetan brown bear conflict.Also it can provide the molecular biology technique of identity brown bear.We analysis the cases of human-Tibetan brown and use semi-structured interview to analysis the situation,mechanism of human-Tibetan brown bear in Qinghai province.Our results showed that 1)the conflicts were mainly happened in Yushu and Haixi autonomous prefectures across the whole province,and more severe in Zhiduo and Qumalai counties of Yushu autonomous prefecture;2)the conflicts were majorly happened during the period of June and September every year,while there were also a few cases during bear hibernation period between February and November;3)the typical damages by Tibetan brown bears included destroying houses,eating in-room crops,and causing personal casualties;4)the majority of the interviewees considered that the conflicts were serious,and the government should give appropriate compensation(e.g.money);5)it was widely acknowledged by the interviewees that the bear prevention measures were not ideal enough to prevent damages.We suggest that the herders should pay more attention to house patrol and consolidation during their nomadic days.The scattered families are expected to merger together and arrange appropriate food and fodder for winter.The standards of compensation for damages from wild animals should be carried out actively.Meanwhile,we also call for more further researches on Tibetan brown bears so as to obtain enough scientific evidence to alleviate the conflicts between humans and Tibetan brown bears.We established a method of brown bear species identification based on species specificity polymerase chain reaction(PCR),and through the molecular biology.And we get a pair of specific primers for PCR reaction in D-loop of brown bear mt DNA.Through this specific primers for PCR,according to the result of electrophoresis,we can identify brown bear if it can appear target band.This method based on the basic PCR technology and experiment equipment,with high specificity,high efficiency.And it is good at identifying brown bear using its feces and hair samples,and the operation is simple,suitable for most laboratory applications.