Study On Phylogeography And Suitable Distribution Of Isaria Cicadae Populations In China

Isaria cicadae Miquel had a long history of application in the edible and medicinal aspects in China.In recent years,there have been more studies on Isaria cicadae,especially in China,but mostly focused on its active ingredients and pharmacological effects of the study.This study was conducted by using a combination of multiple gene sequences,make a tentative discussion on the phylogeograghy of Isaria cicadae populations in China.Based on information of the known distribution of Isaria cicadae,the niche model was used to predict the potential suitable distribution area.Four gene fragments(EF1??rpb1??-tubulin?MAT1-2-1)were selected for the combination of phylogeograghy analysis.A total of 210 multiple gene sequences were obtained after processing data,and then 26 kinds of Haplotypes and 33 mutation sites were discovered.The Haplotypes were named as Hapl-Hap26(Htl-Ht26),whose Dominant haplotype(DH)had Haplotype Ht5 was ancestral haplotype(AH),and Haplotype Ht4 was differential haplotype.According to geographical distribution,a total of 21 populations were divided into two groups,Group Southernwest(GSW)and Group Southerneast(GSE).DH Ht5 was widely distributed in both groups,while DH Ht4 was present only in GSE.The time of differentiation between Haplotypes of multiple gene sequences was estimated,and the age of the Chinese Quaternary glaciation was found.It was certain correlation between the differentiation time of Isaria cicadae populations and the time of occurrence of the Chinese Quaternary glaciations.There are two distinct differentiation with Isaria cicadae populations in the different geographical distribution areas in the geological history.Based on the MaxEnt niche model,the potential suitable distribution area of Isaria cicadae was predicted,the accuracy of the prediction was evaluated using the ROC curve,and the main Bioclim factors influencing the distribution of Isaria cicadae were selected by niche factor scoring matrix?clustering analysis and jackknife.Except for the known natural distribution area,Isaria cicadae had a potentially suitable distribution area on all continents outside Antarctica.Asia was mainly concentrated in the East Asia,the north of Southeast Asia and the southern foot of the Himalayas;Oceania was mainly concentrated in the eastern coast of Australia and New Zealand;Europe is mainly concentrated in the central and coastal areas;Africa is mainly concentrated in the southeast;North America is mainly concentrated in the southeast;South America is mainly concentrated in southern Brazil and southern Chile.The High suitable distribution area(HSDA)was concentrated in southern China?southern South Korea?Japan?Vietnam's Pu Mat National Park?Myanmar's Myitnge River Basin and the southern foot of the Himalayas.It was found that Bioclim factors(1,8,11,12,13,16,18)had an important effect on the distribution pattern of Isaria cicadae,especially the most warm season rainfall(Bioclim factorl8)had the greatest impact,indicating that temperature and humidity were the most important factors affecting the distribution of Isaria cicadae.