Ionization Of Atom Exposed To Laser Field By Bohmian Trajectories

Bohmian trajectories have been use for various purposes,including the numerical simulation of the time–dependent Schr?dinger equation and visualization of time-dependent wave function.I review the purpose were invented for,to serve as the foundation of quantum mechanics i.e.to explain quantum mechanics in terms of theory that is free of paradoxes and allows an understanding that is clear as that of classical mechanics.Indeed many studies have succeeded in serving that purpose in the context of a theory known as Bohmian mechanics.First of all we had consider the wave function?_t(q)of non-relativistic quantum mechanics,defined on the N particles and evolving with time t according to the non-relativistic Schr?dinger equation.In order to understand how the intense laser interacts with matter we first of all study the ionization process.In this thesis some aspects and phenomenon that concerned with atoms and molecules has been discussed,such as stabilization,molecular and ionization itself basic on many previous studies and their results.We also study the ionization of one dimensional hydrogen atom.Through numerically solving the time dependent Schr?dinger equation(TDSE),we study the effects of laser pulse length,intensity and carrier envelope phase(CEP)on the photoelectron spectra.This study will help us understanding the dynamics of electron during ionization process.