Comparative Morphology Of Wax Secreting Structures In Fulgoroidea (Hemiptera: Fulgororrhyncha)

The present thesis deals with the history and present situation of wax secreting structure both in adult and nymph in Fulgoroidea,material and methods are introduced.In view of the insufficiency currently present in planthoppers in this aspect,the distributing area and shape of wax secereting structure in fulgoroids were observed and described.Results were obtained as follows.1.Adult wax secretion structure in FulgoroideaWax secreting structures of adult in Ricaniidae were distribute on forewings,hind wings,tegula,integument,anal tube and IX abdominal tergum(without wax secereting plate in male adults genital segments).Wax secreting structure in Euricania,Pochazia and Ricania adults are different,although stomata–like wax pore were observed in these 3 genera,female adults genital segments of Pochazia and Ricania bearing sieve–plate wax secreting plate,sieve–plate wax secreting plate can not be found in Euricania female adults.Wax secreting structures of Sogatella fucifera and Metadephax propinqua(in Delphacidae)distribute over the front and back sides of forewings and integument,in which crater–like wax pore arise on both sides of forewings,abdominal integument has shiatus plates–like wax pore and bead–like wax pore.There are no different between both sexs about wax secereting structures.Salurnis marginella(in Flatidae)has different wax secreting structure on both side of forewings,i.e.moniliform glandular pore–plate,hot pot–like wax pore and tray–like wax pore exist on front side of forewing,tray–like wax pore on the back side.Wax secreting structure in Dentatissus damnosua adults(in Issidae)located on both side of forewings,i.e.concentric circles wax pore on the front side and roundness wax pore on the back side.No special wax secreting structure appear on the inner side of anal tube and 9th abdominal segment.Disk–shaped wax pore in Nicia atrovenosa adults(in Meenoplidae)distribute on the front side of forewing and abdominal integument,the density of wax pore on 6–9th abdominal segments greater than the other segments.Dictyopara sinica(in Dictyopharidae)has not wax secreting structures on the surface of wings,segments and genital segments.Wax secreting structures in Lycorma delicatula adults(in Fulgoridae)distribute on the back side of forewing and abdominal integument,i.e.dome–like wax pore on the back side of forewing,miniature–like wax pore and beruffled oval–like wax pore exist on abdominal integument.2.Wax secreting structure in nymphs of FulgoroideaWax secreting structures of Sa.Marginella nymph(in Flatidae)distribute at the end of abdomen on both side of anus,containing three secreting area,i.e.donut shape wax pore,botton shape wax secreting pore and drop shape wax pore.Wax secreting structure of De.damnosua(in Issidae)locate at the end of abdomen,flower shaped wax secreting plate subtype I which composed of outer edge,central plate and wax secreting tube,the number of tube increased with nymphal stage.Wax secreting structures of Di.sinica nymph(in Dictyopharidae)distribute on 6th–8th abdominal segments which is composed by flower shaped wax secreting plate subtype II,wax secreting tube,central plate and shallow depressions.The characteristics of wax secreting structure of adults and nymphs are of taxonomic value and could provide morphological evidence for phylogenic analysis of Fulgoroidea.