Analysis Of The Bacterial Diversity In Intestines Of Apis Cerana Cerana

Honey bee is a highly valued insect around the world.It is prized for the honey production and depended upon for pollination of many important crops.Apis cerana cerana is the domestic honey bee of China,which has significant advantages compared with alien honey bees.Recent years,the distribution and population of its colony have reduced rapidly.So an effective approach is urgently needed to protect it.There are a large amount of bacteria in insect gut,which play important roles both in the host nutrition and colonization resistance against invasion of exotic pathogen.The disorder of gut bacteria could lead to many serious diseases,and it is essential to study them for host health.However,up to now,there has been few study of the gut bacteria of A.cerana cerana.In this study,three different developmental stages of A.cerana cerana(first instar pupa,pharate adult bee and forager bee)was utilized to study the diversities and dynamics of gut bacteria in its development.Firstly,utilizing the traditional culture and isolation method combined with 16 S r DNA analysis,ten genera of bacteria were obtained,including Bacllius,Brevundimonas,Micrococcus,Enterococcus,Xanthomonas,Pseudomonas,Aeromonas,Serratia,Pantoea and Enterobacter.And seven of them belongs to the Proteobacteria.By analyzing the gut bacteria isolated from three different developmental stages of A.cerana cerana,we found that the similarities in first instar pupa and pharate adult bee were much higher compared with forager bee,and the dominant genera of them was Bacllius;the abundance of gut bacteria in forager bee was the highest and Enterobacter was the most important group.Secondly,we further used PCR-DGGE based on the sequence of 16 S r DNA to analyze the general gut bacteria of A.cerana cerana,including culturable and unculturable bacteria.The dominant bands of DGGE could be grouped into ten genera: Gilliamella,Snodgrassella,Carnobacterium,Neisseriaceae,Frischella,Janthinobacterium,Pseudomonas,Lactobacillus,Lactococcus and Leuconostoc.Of note,Gilliamella and Snodgrassella only exist in honey bee;Lactobacillus,Lactococcus and Leuconostoc are common probiotics in insect gut.Then,the diversity index and similarity coefficient were calculated.The results indicated that first instar pupa and pharate adult bee showed very similar bacterial community compositions in whichSnodgrassella and Pseudomonas were the most important groups.However,the dominant genera in forager bee were Gilliamella and Snodgrassella.In conclusion,we investigated the gut bacterial communities of A.cerana cerana in its development in this study,which will lay a solid foundation for improving the adaptability of this honey bee and controlling the diseases caused by its gut bacteria.