Hua Hengfang's Translation Achievements On Meteorology

Hua Hengfang,one of the earliest translators in the Translation Center of Jiangnan Manufacturing Bureau,which is the largest translation institution of late Qing Dynasty,is the mainstay in translating foreign meteorological works.Under the background of westernization movement,domestic interpreters,represented by Hua Hengfang,pay attention to the combination of interpretation and social practice.Depending on the publishing agency of late Qing Dynasty,they started their interpretation.Applying the method of oral translation,Hua Hengfang had four translation works,including Hand Book of the Law of Storms,Reports on Weather,Theory of Barometer(translated by author)and Reports on A ir(translated by author),which have great influence on the modern society.On the basis of research on Hua Hengfang's translating method and process,the essay summarizes his meteorological translation's significance to academic world and the whole society of late Qing Dynasty.The essay concludes that Hua Hengfang emphasizes the choice of meteorological works,application of investigating and extending,the translation and standardization of meteorological terms,and the promotion for meteorological studies.In addition,the essay also discusses that Hua Hengfang's meteorological translation works have made contributions to meteorological education,meteorological translators' historical value,the spread of meteorological culture and the ideal of rejuvenating.The essay can be divided into four parts.The first part includes Chapter One,Chapter Two and Chapter Three.Chapter One describes the research method by concluding the present research findings on Hua Hengfang's achievements,which can be regarded as the breakthrough point of the study on Hua Hengfang's translation achievements on meteorology.Chapter Two introduces the social background of Hua Hengfang's translation activities,including the westernization movement,the translator group represented by Hua Hengfang,readers of translation works and the route of transmission.Chapter Three studies Hua Hengfang's meteorological translation activities in Jiangnan Manufacturing Bureau.The second part is Chapter Four.It analyzes the academic influence of Hua Hengfang's meteorological translation works from aspects of the choice of meteorological works,application of investigating and extending,the translation and standardization of meteorological terms,and the promotion for meteorological studies.The third part is Chapter Five.It analyzes the social influence of Hua Hengfang's meteorological translation works from aspects of meteorological education,meteorological translators' historical value,the spread of meteorological culture and the ideal of rejuvenating.The fourth part includes Chapter Six and Chapter Seven.Chapter Six analyzes constraint conditions of Hua Hengfang's meteorological translation works from aspects of social structure which excludes different cultures,differences of cultural system between western and domestic culture,missionaries' constraint,translating method's constraint,and the sole translating motivation.Chapter Seven concludes the whole essay and gives emphasis on the academic and social influence of Hua Hengfang's meteorological translation works.