| lectricity price is an important economic variable that affects the national economy and people's livelihood,the economic interests of various industries and the resource conservation.The improvement of the electricity price structure and the level of the price directly affect the social economy and the efficiency of the power market's resource allocation.Lagging behind the cost of compensation type of pricing mechanism is the main mechanism of current electricity market in China,it can't really reaction power product price fluctuations in market economy,the environmental cost and scarcity of resources.On March 18,2012,the state council issued "the opinions on deepening reform of the economic system in 2012 " and proposed to deepen the reform of the power system.The decision of the third plenary session of the 18th central committee further raised the price reform in the power sector and made market pricing more.The report of the 19th National Congress of the Communist Party of China said China should continue to ensure and improve people's livelihood in the development of the economy and improve the well-being of its people and improve their livelihood.As the necessities of life.electric power is an important area for improving people's livelihood.Therefore,our country should actively promote the reform of the power system,and in the development of the short board,promote social equity and justice.Electricity price is the basic price of the market economy,and the power sector is locked in a loop.On the one hand.electricity price changes will affect the power generation,transmission,distribution and sell electricity sector,as well as the related upstream and downstream sectors of production,management and investment decisions as well as total price level,and accordingly affect the inflation;On the other hand,the change of electricity price can affect residents' consumption level and thus affect people's livelihood.At present,the total amount is in rapid growth stage of resident power consumption,residents living electricity price change will affect how different people's life.how much influence,is an important subject worth studying.The paper uses panel data to analyze the influencing factors of residents' electricity consumption,and probes into the key influencing factors and intervention methods of residents' power consumption growth.By calculating the two core indexes of "influence index" and "bearing force index",from the perspective of direct analysis of the impact of price reform on different income levels,combined with input output model,the indirect influence mechanism of electricity price reform is analyzed,with a view to providing an important reference for policy-making departments to adjust the price of electricity.The main research contents and conclusions of this paper include:First,based on the literature method,the theory of domestic and foreign electricity price reform and the reform of domestic electricity price market reform are sorted out.The results show that power pricing should give full consideration to the heterogeneity of power demand to promote efficiency and fairness.Residents'living electricity price,per capita income,family size,per capita living area,temperature and other factors are important factors affecting the household power consumption.At present,there are still many problems in China's electricity resource shortage and power system,which needs further deepening reform.The reform of electricity price should be based on the national conditions of the country,and rationally draw upon the existing reform experience at home and abroad,and rationally plan scientifically and rationally,and cannot blindly follow the wind.Secondly,based on the data of 30 provincial-level panels in China from 2000 to 2011,the use of descriptive statistics,fixed effect model and instrumental variable method to analyze the electricity use of Chinese urban residents and explore the power consumption situation and key influencing factors of Chinese residents.The study finds that the gap between rich and poor in China is large,and the dispersion degree of per capita disposable income and per capita living area is higher.The annual per capita electricity consumption of different families also shows a discrete state,and with the rapid development of the economy,there is an annual increase in electricity consumption per capita.Based on the empirical analysis,the effect of electricity price on electricity consumption is not significant,because electricity is the necessity of life and the demand is rigid.Policy makers should combine peak valley pricing and seasonal pricing with tiered pricing to form a more comprehensive billing method,and guide residents to adjust the electricity structure to form a sense of energy saving.Per capita disposable income has a significant impact on household electricity consumption,and it is rich in income elasticity.Namely,the amount of power consumption caused by the change of income is relatively large,and it is suggested that the pricing mechanism of different income classes should be reasonably arranged in the setting of the electricity price of residents.It is necessary to ensure the basic life of the lower income class,realize fairness,and control the electricity consumption of the high-income class reasonably and form a sense of economy.Third,based on the proportional income method,China is divided into seven groups,which compares the consumption structure,power consumption and elasticity of the residents of different income brackets.Computing "influence index"and "tolerance index" two core indicators and combining input-output model,it makes a research on the electricity price reform from two aspects,one is direct and indirect the influence of different income class residents life and analysis the impact strength and the influence mechanism.The results show that:(1)The power and fuel spending is residents' expenditure is an important part of family life,the higher the per capita disposable income of the family,the higher electricity and fuel costs,the higher per capita electricity consumption;The power consumption structure and power consumption capacity of the residents of different income brackets are very different,which makes the impact of electricity price reform different.(2)In terms of elasticity,the price elasticity of the low-income class is higher than that of the middle and higher income class,indicating that the residents of the low-income class will bear more social net welfare losses resulting from the reform of the electricity price.In terms of income elasticity,the income level is inversely related to its elastic coefficient.In other words,the income level of electricity consumption of middle and high income class is lower than the income level.Compared with the income elasticity,the absolute value of the price elasticity coefficient is relatively small,which further indicates that the income level of the residents' power consumption is more significant.(3)Electricity price reform is significant for residents of different income levels in cities and towns.From the direct impact angle analysis,with the increase of income,the power price reform decreases the influence index of the residents,and the load index distribution shows an upward trend.From indirect angle,electricity price is closely related to living,electricity price rise,will also rise in the price of the corresponding products and services,the residents live further increases in overall consumer spending,low-income families spending ability is limited,the effect more apparent.Therefore,policy-makers should establish a scientific and reasonable pricing mechanism based on different income levels and focus on the interests of low-income groups.Finally,based on the conclusion of empirical research,the paper puts forward policy suggestions from the aspects of the comprehensive system of the electricity price system,the consummation of the system of the electricity price system,the strengthening of the legal system construction and the improvement of the supervision system. |
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