Study On Urbanization Characteristics And Urban Human Living Environment In Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Region

Urbanization is rapidly occurring as population increase and economic development in China,and the urbanization level was largely determined by the coordinated development of a region.However,a large differences exists in the urbanization among different cities in BeijingTianjin-Hebei region due historical background and policy.As one of the key urban agglomeration of China,it is necessary to quantitatively recognize the spatio-temporal characteristics of the urbanization and the relationship between urbanization and human living environment.It will help make decision on improving urban human living environment at urbanization and regional coordinated development.In this study,based on the statistical data,the spatio-temporal characteristics of urbanization of Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region from 1984 to 2012 was analyzed in term of population,built-up area,social welfare and economic development by introducing the degree of deviation index and coefficient of variation.Then,a comprehensive evaluation system with 29 indicators was set up to evaluate the urban human living environment by using the comprehensive evaluation system and entropy method.Finally,the coordination degree between urbanization expansion and urban human living environment quality was explore by coupling coordination model based on the integrative evaluation on urbanization expansion and human living environment in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region.The following results were concluded in this study:(1)In terms of population and land,or social and economic aspects,an overall increase trend of urbanization in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region was found,but there are significant differences on the growth rate.The overall growth of different aspects of urbanization in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region is: economic development > social welfare growth > built-up area increase > population growth.From the growth rate of cities at different stages,the urbanization in the four characteristic factors is not synchronized.The fastest growth period of population and built-up area occured during the period 2000-2004,while the fastest growth period of social welfare and economic development happened during the period 1992-1996.In addition,the urbanization development in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region is synchronized between population growth and built-up area increase,between economic and social development,however,there is a big difference in the urbanization between population/built-up area and social/economic system.A highly positive correlations was found between the development of population and built-up area,between the development of society and economy,but there is no significant relationship between the development of population and society,population and economy,land and society,land and economy.Furthermore,obvious temp-spatial difference exists in BeijingTianjin-Hebei region.The difference of built-up area increase during the urbanization is the largest one,followed by population growth.On the contrary,the difference of economic and social growth between different regions is relatively small.The urbanization expansion evaluation of each city in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region shows a rising trend,and the urbanization scale of each city is increasing.In each period,urbanization expansion in Beijing and Tianjin are higher than the other cities in Hebei province,however the degree of urban expansion is gradually increasing.(2)The quality of human living environment in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region is rising,but the uneven development on human living environment between cities is becoming bigger.Specifically,the quality of economic environment shows a gradual increase trend and developed well,but a big difference was observed between cities,and the regional difference is increasing.The quality of social public environment is increasing except a slight decrease in some cities,but there is much difference among cities and the difference is becoming bigger.The quality of ecological environment is generally in a gradual upward trend.(3)The coupling coordination degree between urban expansion and human living environment in the cities of Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region are continuously improving.The coupling coordination degree in the cities(except Beijing)of the region is changed from the middle or low level in 2000 to middle or high level in 2012.The coupling coordination degrees for various cities in Hebei province in 2012,are generally at the middle level.