The Transformation Research Of Commercial Banks Profit Modelbased On The Interest Rate Marketization

Today,under the market economy system,interest rates play an irreplaceable role as a country's macroeconomic regulation and control tools.In the early eighty‘s of the 20 th century Europe and the United States and some other developed countries have realized the marketization of interest rate in response to high inflation,getting rid of the interest rate control,and promoting economic development and so on.Since the 1990's China also began to a new stage of financial reform,first from the money market,and then turned to other market development in the gradual reform process.In October 2015,deposit interest rate get to upper limit of liberalised financial institutions in our country,this symbolized our country has basically completed after more than 20 years of market-oriented interest rate reform.The financial reform has brought great influence to the society as a whole,especially the impact on the commercial bank profit model.Based on the marketization of interest rate environment,the main point for commercial Banks profit model is analyzed under the low interest rates of bank profit model transformation problem,through the analysis of the current commercial bank profitability and empirical research,and also explain the necessity of the transformation of commercial Banks at present stage.Since China's reform and opening up,China's commercial Banks are dependent on the development of the national macroscopic policy support,80% of the profits is from interest income,commercial Banks continued growth of the profit through enlarging the scale of deposit and interest income mainly comes from the traditional loan business,but under the environment of interest rate marketization,the situation of high spreads will no longer continue,narrow channel will become by obtaining benefits through spreads earnings for Banks that rely heavily on the carry profits,banks will be squeezed out most of the profit space,structure and the transformation of traditional profit model bank profits is around the corner,none carry business model will be the main way for commercial Banks to improve profits.This article is showed respectively in three different types of Banks in China in the way of profitability analysis and comparative study from the business income structure of various types of bank,it also analyzes the interest income and non-interest income alone and their respective,and explain the bank under the spreads down the theoretical foundation of the profit model transformation.Secondly,this articleanalyze the experience in the transformation of banking of developed country in these three countries as the United States,Japan and Germany as an example.And combining with the profitability of different types of Banks in China,we found that the problems of existing patterns as well as the need to pay attention to several transformation direction,then based on the theoretical analysis and data in three types of Banks to carry on the empirical analysis in recent 8 years,we want to find the empirical direction of the bank.Based on the accuracy and reliability of data,this paper chose three types of commercial bank's financial data from 2008 to 2015 in the empirical part of the eight year,and finally based on the theoretical analysis and empirical analysis of state-owned Banks,joint-stock commercial Banks,city firms that we want to find how to improve the profit of commercial bank and find the countermeasure and the suggestion of profitable transformation smoothly.With profitability analysis of listed Banks in China at the present stage,we found that so far the profit model of China's banking industry is still spreads leading More than seventy percent of the revenue is derived from interest income and non-interest business is less,most of non-interest income is derived from the agency business,bank cards,settlement and clearing fees some like this kind of traditional business,where three-fourths of the interest income is derived from the traditional customer loan,innovation business count less,business innovation ability needs to be strengthened.The policy suggestion of this paper is: bank should be committed to the development of non-interest business at present stage on the basis of traditional loan income structure,also continue to strengthen business innovation ability,different types of Banks should niche products and customer market,improve the level of differentiation based on their own advantages.State-owned Banks should adopt integrated business model,should not be confined to the traditional banking business scope.State-owned Banks need aligning with the world universal Banks in developed countries,by providing "one-stop" services to fully meet the needs of different customers and different levels,also need efforts to improve the structure of the customer,the service customer group implementation of large to small micro enterprise and corporate customers shift;Medium-sized commercial Banks should take business professional direction for transformation,considering risk factors and cost factors,on the premise of risk control and cost saving,focused on the development of one or several features on business;City business banks because of its small size and weaknees,mainly in the region development,rely on the local market and do not have the advantage in terms of income pluralism,and city firms and other small commercial Banks should be properly focused ontraditional interest income,focusing on regional specialization development,according to its advantages in regional development,the business focus on a particular area,with the aid of regional advantages,combined with the characteristics of regional development,targeted to provide fast and flexible,with local characteristics of financial services.