The Study Of Land Use Change And Land Ecological Security In Funiu Mountain

Land use change have a significant impact on ecological environment of the entire regions,then cause severe social,economic and ecological problems.Funiu Mountain is the national-level nature reserve and the forests which can defend water source,Danjiangkou reservoir of Xichuan county where belong to Funiu Mountain is water source of Middle route of South-to-North Water Transfer Project.Therefore the environment safety of Funiu Mountain have importance significance on Henan Province as well as the whole country.In recent years,especially since the new century,the strategy about "aid Poverty Relief for three-mountain" is intensified in Henan Province.In order to promote the development of economy,people accelerate the exploitation of land resources which can damage environment.All this presented common phenomenons in parts of Funiu Mountain,such as bare rock,soil erosion,vegetation degeneration,etc.There are problems that should be solved quickly about how to analysis the level of land ecological in the context of land use change,how to find a key factor restricting land ecological security development,and how to explore the way to improve land ecological security.This paper select the nine county in Funiu Mountain as the research unit,apply sustainable development,coordinate between man and land,and ecological carrying capacity as theories foundation,adopt qualitative and quantitative analysis as methods,study land use change and land ecological security of 1990 to 2000.The first,there are quantitative analysis and qualitative description on change of land-use quantity,change of land-use structure,change of land-use degree,and change of land-use tempo-spatial,then explore the primary driving factors of land use change through principle component analysis.The second is analysis functionary mechanism between land use change and ecological environment.Finally build land ecological security index system through "P-S-R" model,analysis the trend of land ecological security change and make early-warning.The main conclusions are as follows:Woodland and farmland is the main types of land use in Funiu Mountain,which constitute the main body of land use type.In the land use type structure in the Funiu Mountain,56.46% is woodland and 28.48% is farmland,and they accounted for 84.94% in total.In addition,grassland also have a large proportion(9.95%).The other land type occupy a small proportion.This land use current structure is mainly caused by terrain and landforms of Funiu Mountain.The land use change is flat in general,but regional land use change have obvious differences of Funiu Mountain.The paper analysis it from five aspects of type,speed,structure,degree,and tempo-spatial.(1)The proportion of the urban land and other construction land were very small,but increased rapidly,increased by 3.57 times and 4.20 times,respectively,over study period.(2)The speed of land use change is slow,but the speed of grassland,urban land,rural residential land,other construction land and unused land are fast.(3)The information entropy of land use structure showed tendency to ascend,that indicated the gap narrowing between the areas of various land use types.Because the constraints of natural conditions,woodland and farmland occupy absolute dominance.Therefore urbanization has been advancing and urban land,rural residential land,other construction land has been advancing quickly.But it not large enough to bring fundamental influence on change of land use structure.(4)Basic land use degree stable,but between different counties there are large differences.(5)The spatial distribution of cultivated land have fewer changes,but woodland and grassland have bigger changes,especially from 1990 to 2000.Rural residential land from fragmentation to agglomeration.Urban land had the look of sprawl around central town.The most important driving factor of land use change is traffic,followed by the level of economic and urbanization.The development of traffic puch the transformation of agricultural land to construction land around road network.Investment in fixed assets promote the increase of construction land.Gross agricultural product,gross industrial production and GDP are the main economic factors which can influence the changes in agricultural land and construction land.Urbanization level is also main driving factor,this factor mainly influence urban land and other construction land.In addition,the policy is also an important driving factor of Funiu Mountain.In Funiu Mountain,the effect of land use change on ecological quality is greater than that of deterioration,but the difference of counties is obvious.Woodland and grassland are the main land use type for improving the quality of ecological environment,and rural residential land and construction land are the main land use type for deterioration of ecological environment quality.As for Luanchuan county,the effect of land use change on the ecological environment quality is the largest in the whole region,the excessive expansion of construction land is the most unfavorable factor to improve the quality of ecological environment.The change of land use in Xixia county shows the characteristics of polarization beteween deterioration and improvement of the ecological environment quality,but ecological environment quality generally improved.The land use change of Xichuan County,Lushan county and Ruyang county has obvious effect on the deterioration of ecological environment quality.The land ecological security level in the Funiu Mountain is low but rising,the land ecological security level is higher in the high altitude mountain area,lower in the hilly zone.In 2010,the comprehensive index of land ecological security is 0.5846,and the land ecological level is low.But the land ecological security is in a state of improvement,safety level increase from level ?(risk level)to level III(sensitivity level).The county with high security level is located in the northwest of Funiu Mountain,include Lushi,Luanchuan,Xixia and Songxian,low security level is located in the southeast,include Ruyang,Lushan,Nanzhao,Xichuan and Neixiang.The land ecological security situation are relatively stable,the land ecological security level are higher and higher of Xixia county,Luanchuan county and Lushi county.But in Ruyang county,Lushan county,Nanzhao county,Xichuan county and Neixiang county,the land ecological security level is relatively low and the degree of land ecological risk is high.The level of land ecological security warning level in the Funiu Mountain is from serious warning to middle warning,the policing alert has eased.Although the land ecological environment in the area of 1990-2010 was gradually improved,the ecological status of land use was not optimistic.In the nine the county of Funiu Mountain,there is no heavy police alarm,the smaller county of the policing alert is Songxian,Luanchuan and Lushi,these counties was in the light warning level,and have a quick speed in improving land ecological quality.Xichuan county have the largest police situation which located in the middle level of the police,and nave a slow increase in the quality of land ecological.But Xichuan county as the water source of the Middle Route Project of South-to-North Water Diversion Project,the development speed of land ecological security is not high,and the ecological security situation is still grim.Therefore,we need to attach great importance to the land ecological environment,and take some measures to improve and control it.Finally,based on the above research,this paper puts forward some suggestions on how to optimize the industrial structure,strengthen the protection of forest land and grassland,improve the quality of cultivated land,control population growth,and increase investment in environmental protection.