Research On The Syntactic Characteristics Of Preschool Children In The Context Of Autonomous Expression

Preschool stage is a key to the oral language formation and development of children. It's also the key period of forming language symbol system. The oral level of development is the important foundation of reading ability. The oral language of preschool children largely is based on the correct syntactic structure. The research of syntactic characteristics of preschool children can provide a reference basis to the development of oral language ability of children and promote their language skills.The current domestic research is focused on experimental environment for the syntax of children for measuring of the project. However, the language of preschool children belongs to spoken language. It has big volatility which is hard to research. Language behaviors of experiment site are most vulnerable to various factors such as environment, interpersonal relationship, and psychological emotion. It is difficult to get perfect reflection. Therefore, we shall do research in the context of autonomous expression to learn the syntactic level of development of children, then let them "want to say".For this reason, this research adopts qualitative research methods. In the natural environment, I use video and audio to record the daily language performances of 30 children in kindergarten, mainly include the activities of go to the kindergarten and leave there, teaching activities, regional activities, take a walk, outdoor activities and so on. The recording time lasts 3 months. I transcribe these children corpus into text content. I select 900 sentences, and then use the content analysis and the method of sentence analysis to deepen the understanding of syntactic characteristics of preschool children.This research mainly discusses three aspects:(1) the characteristics and laws of preschool children's syntax, including the composition characteristic and the structure characteristics; (2) the preschool children's syntactic characteristics in different age groups, including the comparison of the mean length of utterances, oral vocabulary abundance and oral errors; (3) the fragment analysis of syntactic characteristics in the natural context. I select mainly daily life of the kindergarten to sum up and analyze function that these situations affect syntax of children.Results show that children of the bottom class have acquired the basic compositions of syntax and they have similar sentence pattern structures. Children of the middle class usually displace syntax and expand sentence structure. Children of the top class of kindergarten have rich modifier and flexible connection of syntactic structure. Preschool children's syntactic characteristics in different age groups as follows:the mean length of utterances of preschool children are more and more increasing as the growth of the age, especially the period of five years old that is an important stage to development of language. Children's oral vocabulary abundance also keep increasing, especially the stage of four to five years old is a period of the development of vocabulary abundance. However, preschool children in the process of applying sentence pattern have oral errors such as malapropism, composition incomplete, component outages, improper collocation and improper word order, etc. In fact, the syntactic performances of preschool children have different types in the autonomous expression. Teaching activities, regional activities and story-telling provide a platform for children to develop syntax. Teachers and peers participate effectively in syntactic development provide support for children.