Shanghai's Second Industrial Restructuring And Industrial Restructuring

As a multifunctional economic center of the country,modern Shanghai has occupied a leading position in the financial industry,industry,commerce,trade,transportation.Due to the long-term existence of the foreign settlement,the economic development of Shanghai has many structural abnormalities.After its liberation,in the whole country's economic development that contemporary China has gradually achieved,structural adjustment in the field of economy has become an urgent problem for the government to solve.In the early days of the new nation,the three industrial reorganization of Shanghai was carried out under such a background.The main problem of the industrial development of Shanghai was that there was a big gap in the proportion of textile industry that produced means of livelihood and the manufacturing industry that produced means of production,the textile industry accounting for too much.Especially in the 1950s when the material supply was relatively scarce,unable to mobilize sufficient forces to supply Shanghai's textile industry production.Secondly,the small scale of industrial enterprises was the problem of industrial development in Shanghai.Shanghai urgent needed to merge industrial enterprises,restructure and establish a stable production capacity after public-private partnership.In addition,after the new nation,except a small part of the large foreign capitalists or bureaucratic capital investment,most of the factories had obsolete equipment,backward technology,so Shanghai needed to carry out the technology revolution to improve productivity.In 1956,after the release of "On the Ten Major Relationships",represented by Shanghai,the development of the coastal areas was on the agenda.Shanghai needed to change the industrial development status of"abnormalities",and the" expectations "of the whole country were also rising.It was hoped that Shanghai can play its industrial base role to lead the national industrial development.In such a case Shanghai carried out a full range of industrial structure adjustment.The main way of adjusting the industrial structure was that industrial enterprises carried out a full range of restructuring so as to change the previous industrial structure,and to meet the needs of Shanghai's development.At the same time,it led the national industrial development.After the new nation,Shanghai has carried out three large-scale industrial reorganizations.Respectively,the first industrial reorganization(1956-1957),the second industrial reorganization(1958-1960)and the third industrial reorganization(1962-1965),which were guided by the government from top to bottom.And they were three attempts to adjust industrial structure in Shanghai.The three times of industrial reorganizations fundamentally changed the abnormal industrial structure of Shanghai,and provided the basis to become an "industrial base" and "science and technology base".Among them,the second one was carried out based on the establishment of industrial management system after the first industrial reorganization,and cooperated with the changes of administrative divisions and the proposal of the "high-grade" industrial policy.The great transformation of Shanghai industrial structure in the complex environment of the Great Leap Forward,established the embryonic form of modern Shanghai industrial layout,which has the most research value among the three industrial reorganizations,as well as the main content of this thesis.After that,the third industrial reorganization at the end of the 60s adjusted and contracted on the basis of the second industrial reorganization,and the basic industrial development in Shanghai remained unchanged.As for Shanghai itself,the second industrial reorganization is a major adjustment affecting the development of Shanghai.The second industrial reorganization of large-scale enterprises took only half the time.But in the process of the reorganization,Shanghai integrated its own industrial development potential,provided industrial foundation for the adjustment of administrative divisions and the expansion of industrial zone and the satellite towns.At the same time,it established a group of key enterprises to build many manufacturers with production capacity.In the process of industrial reorganization,the development of high,precise and top-notch industry and construction of two bases have become the new trend of industrial development in Shanghai.This thesis systematically studies the background,process and result of the second industrial reorganization,and discusses the management system in the process of reorganization.On the basis of the archives,newspapers and periodicals which have not been explored before,from the perspective of the new industrial policy after public-private partnership and the first industrial reorganization,it analyzes the problem of industrial structure in Shanghai,discusses the process,influence and reform of the second industrial reorganization.In addition,it analyzes and discusses the relationship between the second reorganization and the adjustment of industrial structure.The changes of Shanghai industrial policy,whether it is " deflation" or "development","expansion" or "establishment" closely follow the overall development of the country's industrial development.In order to fulfill the task of "coordinating all the activities of the nation like moves in a chess game.",it has played an important role in the initial stage of national modernization.The second industrial reorganization of Shanghai also provides a very good case for the study and discussion of the relationship between national strategy and local experience.It is also a research perspective that we should pay attention to in the study of contemporary economic history.